Asteroids with Satellites Database--Johnston's Archive
(22)
Kalliope
and Linus
compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston
last updated
30 April 2022
--Orbital and physical data--
(See this page for definitions of quantities; source codes in brackets, see this link for full references; *A, *D, and *E indicate assumed, derived, and estimated values, respectively.)
dynamical type, primary:
main belt asteroid
orbital data, primary (osculating elements)
[JPL]
: |
semimajor axis a: |
2.9094135691 AU
| |
orbital period P: |
4.962681372 yr
(= 1812.619371 d)
| |
eccentricity e: |
0.09815865
| |
perihelion distance q: |
2.62382946 AU
| |
aphelion distance Q: |
3.1949976782 AU
| |
inclination i: |
13.7018756°
| |
argument of perihelion ω: |
357.540398°
| |
ascending node Ω: |
65.995075°
| |
mean anomaly M: |
353.030484°
| |
perihelion passage TP: |
2021 Aug 05.091891
| |
Epoch: |
2021 Jul 01
| |
data arc: |
1954-2021
(3391 obs.)
| |
Earth MOID: |
1.63699 AU
| |
Jupiter Tisserand invariant TJ: |
3.234
|
orbital data, secondary:
|
binary dynamical type: | L [P07f] | |
semimajor axis as: |
1098.6
± 6.1 km
[D21a]
| |
separation/primary radius as/rp: | 13.2 [*D] | |
separation/Hill radius as/rH: | 0.025 [*D] | |
orbital period Ps: |
3.595606
± 0.000375
d [D21a]
| |
eccentricity es: |
0
[D21a]
| |
inclination is: | 94.18° ± 0.42° [D21a] | |
ascending node Ωs: | 284.3° ± 0.34° [D21a] | |
mean anomaly M: | 323.2° [D21a] | |
pericenter passage TP: | 2016 Dec 28.521± 0.004 [D21a] | |
Epoch: | 2017 Jan 1.0 | |
normalized ang. mom. αL: |
0.69
[P07f]
|
|
other data, system (combined):
|
absolute mag. H: |
6.51
[MPC]
| |
slope parameter G: |
0.21 [JPL]
| |
effective diameter dE: |
168.5
± 3.1
km [M14c]
| |
geometric albedo: |
0.166
± 0.005
[M14c]
| |
color index U-B: |
0.234
[T95a]
| |
color index B-V: |
0.715
[T95a]
| |
taxonomic type: |
X (SMASSII) [JPL]
M (Tholen) [JPL]
| |
mass m: |
8.13x1015
± 1.4x1014
kg [D21a]
| |
density ρ: |
3.38
± 0.06
g/cm3[*D]
| |
Hill radius rH: |
4000 km [*D]
|
other data, primary:
|
diameter dp: |
166.2
± 2.8
km [D08a]
| |
dimensions : | 231.4 x 175.3 x 146.1km [] | |
axial ratios a/b, b/c: | 1.32, 1.2 [M95a] | |
rotation period RPp: |
4.1482003
± 0.0000005
h [D95a]
| |
amplitude in mag., rotational ΔM: |
0.53
[W14e]
| |
pole direction Β, λ: |
41 ± 6°
,
42 ± 10°
[D95a]
|
other data, secondary:
|
diameter ds: |
28
± 2
km [D08a]
| |
diameter ratio ds/dp: |
0.168
± 0.012
[*D]
| |
component mag. difference ΔM: |
3.22
± 0.2
[M03e]
| |
rotation period RPs: |
?
| |
|
|
--
(22) Kalliope and Linus
--discovery and notes:
Primary discovered
1852 Nov 16
from
London, United Kingdom
by
J. R. Hind.
Permanent number assigned 1852.
Named 1852 for the Greek mythological muse [AN00838].
Companion discovered
2001 Aug 29
by J.-L. Margot, M. E. Brown, W. J. Merline, F. Menard, L. Close, C. Dumas, C. R. Chapman, and D. C. Slater
using
adaptive optics telescope
observations from CFHT Telescope/W. M. Keck II Telescope, Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA.
Announced
2001 Sep 03 [G01a].
Provisional designation S/2001 (22) 1.
Permanent designation I Linus, assigned 2003 Jul; named for the Greek mythological character [G03a].
--Links, more technical:
--Links, less technical:
--Links to ADS abstracts:
- Sokova, I. A., Sokov, E. N., Roschina, E. A., Rastegaev, D. A., Kiselev, A. A., Balega, Yu. Yu., Gorshanov, D. L., Malogolovets, E. V., Dyachenko, V. V., & Maksimov, A. F. 2014, Icarus The binary Asteroid 22 Kalliope: Linus orbit determination on the basis of speckle interferometric observations
- Jain, Ruchika & Sinha, Deepa 2014, Astrophysics and Space Science Stability and regions of motion in the restricted three-body problem when both the primaries are finite straight segments
- Marchis, F., Ruffio, J., Vachier, F., & Berthier, J. 2013, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts Component-resolved near-infrared spectra of multiple asteroid systems
- Marchis, F., Vachier, F., Durech, J., Berthier, J., & Hanus, J. 2012, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts Mutual Orbits, Size, Density, and Interior of Visualized Multiple Asteroids
- Marchis, F., Enriquez, J. E., Emery, J. P., Mueller, M., Baek, M., Pollock, J., Assafin, M., Vieira Martins, R., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., Cruikshank, D. P., Lim, L. F., Reichart, D. E., Ivarsen, K. M., Haislip, J. B., & LaCluyze, A. P. 2012, Icarus Multiple asteroid systems: Dimensions and thermal properties from Spitzer Space Telescope and ground-based observations
- Vachier, Frederic, Berthier, J., & Marchis, F. 2012, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts Determination of Multiple Asteroid Orbits With a Genetic-Based Algorithm
- Vereshchagina, I., Sokov, E., Gorshanov, D., Devyatkin, A., Romas, E., L'vov, V., Slesarenko, V., Rastegaev, D., Balega, Yu., Maximov, A., Diachenko, V., Malogolovec, E., Kouprianov, V., & Naiden, Ya. 2012, European Planetary Science Congress 2012 Investigation of binary asteroids and NEOs
- Vachier, F., Berthier, J., & Marchis, F. 2012, Astronomy and Astrophysics Determination of binary asteroid orbits with a genetic-based algorithm
- Springmann, A., Dalba, P., Marchis, F., Vachier, F., Berthier, J., Descamps, P., Morris, B., Marciniak, A., Santana i Ros, T., & Kryszczynska, A. 2012, LPI Contributions Physical and Orbital Properties of the (22) Kalliope System from Mutual Eclipse Observations
- Marchis, F., Emery, J. P., Enriquez, J. E., Descamps, P., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., & Durech, J. 2011, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts Detailed Pictures of Multiple Asteroid Systems in the Main-Belt
- Ockert-Bell, M. E., Clark, B. E., Shepard, M. K., Isaacs, R. A., Cloutis, E. A., Fornasier, S., & Bus, S. J. 2010, Icarus The composition of M-type asteroids: Synthesis of spectroscopic and radar observations
- Fornasier, S., Clark, B. E., Dotto, E., Migliorini, A., Ockert-Bell, M., & Barucci, M. A. 2010, Icarus Spectroscopic survey of M-type asteroids
- Bell, Maureen, Clark, B. E., Shepard, M. K., Issacs, R. A., Cloutis, E. A., Fornasier, S., & Bus, S. J. 2010, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society The Composition of M-type Asteroids: Synthesis of Spectroscopic and Radar Observations.
- Laver, Conor, de Pater, Imke, Marchis, Franck, Ádámkovics, Máté, & Wong, Michael H. 2009, Icarus Component-resolved near-infrared spectra of the (22) Kalliope system
- Marchis, Franck 2009, American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #214 Multiple Asteroid Systems: Search Programs and Studies with AO
- Descamps, P., Marchis, F., Pollock, J., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., Birlan, M., Kaasalainen, M., Harris, A. W., Wong, M. H., Romanishin, W. J., Cooper, E. M., Kettner, K. A., Wiggins, P., Kryszczynska, A., Polinska, M., Coliac, J.-F., Devyatkin, A., Verestchagina, I., & Gorshanov, D. 2009, Icarus Corrigendum to “New determination of the size and bulk density of the binary Asteroid 22 Kalliope from observations of mutual eclipses” [Icarus 196 (2008) 578 600]
- Descamps, P., Marchis, F., Pollock, J., Berthier, J., Birlan, M., Vachier, F., & Colas, F. 2008, Planetary and Space Science 2007 Mutual events within the binary system of (22) Kalliope
- Descamps, P., Marchis, F., Pollock, J., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., Birlan, M., Kaasalainen, M., Harris, A. W., Wong, M. H., Romanishin, W. J., Cooper, E. M., Kettner, K. A., Wiggins, P., Kryszczynska, A., Polinska, M., Coliac, J.-F., Devyatkin, A., Verestchagina, I., & Gorshanov, D. 2008, Icarus New determination of the size and bulk density of the binary Asteroid 22 Kalliope from observations of mutual eclipses
- Marchis, F., Descamps, P., Baek, M., Harris, A. W., Kaasalainen, M., Berthier, J., Hestroffer, D., & Vachier, F. 2008, Icarus Main belt binary asteroidal systems with circular mutual orbits
- Sôma, M., Hayamizu, T., Miyashita, K., Setoguchi, T., & Hirose, T. 2008, IAU Symposium Occultation by (22) Kalliope and its satellite Linus
- Marchis, F., Hardersen, P. S., Emery, J. P., Descamps, P., Reddy, V., & Lim, L. F. 2008, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Composition of the Binary Main-Belt Asteroid (22) Kalliope
- Kramer, Emily, Margot, J. L., Warner, B. D., Hicks, M. D., Young, J. W., Bauer, J. M., & Wiggins, P. 2007, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Observations of Mutual Events in Binary Asteroid 22 Kalliope/Linus
- Warner, Brian D. 2007, Minor Planet Bulletin Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - December 2006 - March 2007
- Alton, Kevin B. 2007, Minor Planet Bulletin Lightcurve Analysis of 22 Kalliope
- Gungor, Can 2007, Minor Planet Bulletin CCD Photometry of Asteroid 22 Kalliope
- Fu, Hai & Tholen, D. 2007, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Spatially Resolved Integral Field Spectroscopy of the Binary Asteroid (22) Kalliope
- Warner, B. & Margot, J. L. 2007, Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (22) Kalliope and (22) Kalliope I (Linus)
- Berthier, J., Marchis, F., Descamps, P., Hestroffer, D., Vachier, F., Colas, F., Keck-, W. M., II, Laver, C., Adamkovics, M., & de Pater, I. 2006, Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (22) Kalliope I (Linus)
- Soma, M., Hayamizu, T., Berthier, J., Lecacheux, J., Dunham, D., & Herald, D. 2006, Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (22) kalliope and (22) kalliope I.
- Green, D. W. E. 2006, Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (22) kalliope and (22) kalliope I.
- Soma, M., Hayamizu, T., Berthier, J., & Lecacheux, J. 2006, Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (22) Kalliope and (22) Kalliope I
- Shepard, Michael K., Clark, B. E., Benner, L. A., Giorgini, J. D., Magri, C., Nolan, M. C., & Ostro, S. J. 2006, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society More Results from a Long-Term Radar Survey of M-Class Asteroids.
- Hestroffer, Daniel, Tanga, P., Cellino, A., Kaasalainen, M., Torppa, J., Marchis, F., Richardson, D. C., Elankumaran, P., Berthier, J., Colas, F., & Lounis, S. 2006, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society HST/FGS High Angular Resolution Observations of Binary Asteroids
- Shepard, M. K., Clark, B. E., Benner, L. A. M., Giorgini, J. D., Howell, E. S., Magri, C., Nolan, M. C., & Ostro, S. J. 2005, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society A Long-Term Radar Survey of M-Class Asteroids
- Berthier, J., Marchis, F., Descamps, P., & Hestroffer, D. 2004, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Prediction of stellar occultations by satellite of asteroids
- Marchis, Franck, Berthier, Jerome, Descamps, Pascal, Hestroffer, Daniel, Vachier, Frederic, Laver, Conor, de Pater, Imke, & Gavel, Don T. 2004, Advancements in Adaptive Optics Studying binary asteroids with NGS and LGS AO systems
- Bus, S. & Binzel, R. P. 2004, NASA Planetary Data System 22 Kalliope CCD Spectrum
- 2004, European Southern Observatory Press Release SINFONI Opens with Upbeat Chords
- Berthier, J., Descamps, P., Hestroffer, D., Lecacheux, J., & Marchis, F. 2004, International Astronomical Union Circular (22) Kalliope I (Linus)
- Vachier, F., Descamps, P., Berthier, J., Hestroffer, D., & Marchis, F. 2003, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society First dynamical model for the (22) Kalliope's satellite
- Marchis, F., Descamps, P., Hestroffer, D., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., Boccaletti, A., de Pater, I., & Gavel, D. 2003, Icarus A three-dimensional solution for the orbit of the asteroidal satellite of 22 Kalliope
- Green, D. W. E 2003, International Astronomical Union Circular Satellites of (22) Kalliope and (45) Eugenia
- Margot, J. L. & Brown, M. E. 2003, Science A Low-Density M-type Asteroid in the Main Belt
- Marchis, F., Berthier, J., Descamps, P., Hestroffer, D., de Pater, I., Vachier, F., Conrad, A., Le Mignant, D., Chaffee, F., & Roos-Serote, M. 2003, EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly Search for binary asteroids using Lick, Keck and VLT Adaptive Optics systems: new candidates, orbits and dynamical models
- Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M. & Sánchez Caso, Albert 2003, Minor Planet Bulletin CCD photometry of asteroids 22 Kalliope and 125 Liberatrix
- Tungalag, N., Shevchenko, V. G., & Lupishko, D. F. 2002, Kinematika i Fizika Nebesnykh Tel Rotation parameters and shapes of 15 asteroids
- Marchis, Franck, Descamps, P., Hestroffer, D., Berthier, J., de Pater, I., & Gavel, D. 2002, Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors: ACM 2002 Adaptive optics observations of the binary system (22) Kalliope: a three dimensional orbit solution
- Lim, L. F., Bell, J. F., McConnochie, T. H., Clark, B. E., & Hayward, T. L. 2002, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society The Cornell Mid-Infrared Asteroid Spectroscopy (MIDAS) Survey: Results from 2001
- Margot, J. L. & Brown, M. E. 2001, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Discovery and characterization of binary asteroids 22 Kalliope and 87 Sylvia
- Lim, L. F., Bell, J. F., Clark, B. E., McConnochie, T. H., Hayward, T. L., Barucci, A., & Dotto, E. 2001, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Initial Results of the Cornell Mid-IR Asteroid Spectroscopy Survey
- Green, D. W. E 2001, International Astronomical Union Circular S/2001 (22) 1
- Piironen, J. & Muinonen, K. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Circular polarimetric observations of asteroids
- Damiani, M. & Foglia, S. 1997, Astronomia UAI Fotometria fotoelettrica dell'asteroide (22) Kalliope.
- Damiani, M. 1997, Minor Planet Bulletin Photoelectric Photometry of 22 Kalliope
- Dotto, E., Barucci, M. A., Fulchignoni, M., di Martino, M., Rotundi, A., Burchi, R., & di Paolantonio, A. 1992, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series M-type asteroids - Rotational properties of 16 objects
- Velichko, F. P., Kruglyi, Iu. N., Lupishko, D. F., & Michalowski, T. 1991, Astronomicheskii Vestnik Photometry of the asteroids 22 Kalliope and 79 Eurynome - Magnitude-phase relation, parameters of rotation, and shapes
- Velichko, F. P., Michalowskii, T., Kruglyi, Y. N., & Lupishko, D. F. 1991, Solar System Research Photometry of the Asteroids 22 Kalliope and 79 Eurynome - Magnitude Phase Relation and Rotation and Shape Parameters
- Lumme, K., Karttunen, H., & Bowell, E. 1990, Astronomy and Astrophysics A spherical harmonics method for asteroid pole determination
- Michalowski, T. & Velichko, F. P. 1990, Acta Astronomica Photoelectric photometry, parameters of rotation and shapes of asteroids 22 Kalliope and 79 Eurynome
- Lupishko, D. F. & Belskaya, I. N. 1989, Icarus On the surface composition of the M-type asteroids
- Melillo, F. J. 1987, Minor Planet Bulletin Photoelectric Photometry of Asteroids 5 Astraea and 22 Kalliope
- Surdej, J., Pospieszalska-Surdej, A., Michalowski, T., & Schober, H. J. 1986, Astronomy and Astrophysics Photoelectric photometry of 22 Kalliope during the 1985 opposition and determination of its pole orientation - The 'magnitude-aspect' relations revisited
- Eaton, N., Green, S. F., McCheyne, R. S., Meadows, A. J., & Veeder, G. J. 1983, Icarus Observations of asteroids in the 3- to 4-micron region
- Barucci, M. A. & Dipaoloantonio, A. 1983, Astronomy and Astrophysics A check for the pole coordinates of asteroid 22 Kalliope
- Lupishko, D. F., Belskaia, I. N., Tupieva, F. A., & Chernova, G. P. 1982, Astronomicheskii Vestnik UBV photometry of the M-type asteroids 16 Psyche and 22 Kalliope
- Ostro, S. J. 1982, Cornell Univ. Final Report Radar investigation of asteroids
- Ostro, S. J. 1981, NASA STI/Recon Technical Report N Radar investigation of asteroids
- 1980, Kometnyj Tsirkulyar Observations of asteroids (15) Eunomia, (22) Kalliope, (258) Tyche.
- Zappala, V. & van Houten-Groeneveld, I. 1979, Icarus Pole coordinates of the asteroids 9 Metis, 22 Kalliope, and 44 NYSA
- Scaltriti, F., Zappala, V., & Stanzel, R. 1978, Icarus Lightcurves, phase function and pole of the Asteroid 22 Kalliope
- 1976, The Astronomer Miscellanea
- 1927, Astronomische Nachrichten Bearbeitung von 22 Kalliope
©
2001-2021, 2022
by Wm. Robert Johnston.
Last modified
30 April 2022.
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