(216) Kleopatra, Alexhelios, and Cleoselene

Asteroids with Satellites Database--Johnston's Archive

(216) Kleopatra, Alexhelios, and Cleoselene

compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston
last updated 21 September 2014

--Orbital and physical data--

(See this page for definitions of quantities; source codes in brackets, see this link for full references; *A, *D, and *E indicate assumed, derived, and estimated values, respectively.)

dynamical type, primary: main belt asteroid
orbital data, primary (osculating elements) [JPL] :
semimajor axis a: 2.796815213 AU
orbital period P: 4.677393009 yr
(= 1708.4177960 d)
eccentricity e: 0.249175002
perihelion distance q: 2.099918776 AU
aphelion distance Q: 3.493711650 AU
inclination i: 13.0964968°
argument of perihelion ω: 180.314021°
ascending node Ω: 215.462478°
mean anomaly M: 50.5460460°
perihelion passage T_P: 2013 Sep 25.12843
Epoch: 2014 May 23
data arc: 1880-2014 (2180 obs.)
Earth MOID: 1.10563 AU
Jupiter Tisserand invariant T_J: 3.244

orbital data, Alexhelios:

binary dynamical type: L [M09a]
semimajor axis a_s: 678 ± 13 km [D11a]
separation/primary radius a_s/r_p: 10 [*D]
separation/Hill radius a_s/r_H: 0.023 [*D]
orbital period P_s: 2.32 ± 0.02 d [D11a]
eccentricity e_s: 0.00 [D11a]
normalized ang. mom. α_L: 0.79 [M09a]

orbital data, Cleoselene:

binary dynamical type: L [M09a]
semimajor axis a_s: 454 ± 6 km [D11a]
separation/primary radius a_s/r_p: 6.7 [*D]
separation/Hill radius a_s/r_H: 0.016 [*D]
orbital period P_s: 1.24 ± 0.02 d [D11a]
eccentricity e_s: 0.00 [D11a]
normalized ang. mom. α_L: 0.79 [M09a]

other data, system (combined):

absolute mag. H: 7.3 [MPC]
slope parameter G: 0.29 [JPL]
effective diameter d_E: 135 ± 5.8 km [D11a]
geometric albedo: 0.087 ± 0.007 [D11a]
color index U-B: 0.238 [JPL]
color index B-V: 0.713 [JPL]
taxonomic type: Xe (SMASSII) [JPL]
M (Tholen) [JPL]
mass m: 4.64x10¹⁸ ± 2x10¹⁶ kg [D11a]
density ρ: 3.6 ± 0.4 g/cm³[D11a]
Hill radius r_H: 29000 km [*D]
other data, primary:

diameter d_p: 135 ± 5.8 km [D11a]
dimensions : 217 x 94 x 81 km [O00a]
rotation period RP_p: 5.385277 ± 0.000002 h [D95a]
amplitude in mag., rotational ΔM: ?
pole direction Β, λ: 72 ± 3° , 8 ± 9° [D95a]

other data, Alexhelios:

diameter d_s: 8.9 ± 1.6 km [D11a]
diameter ratio d_s/d_p: 0.066 ± 0.012 [*D]
component mag. difference ΔM: 5.9 [*D]
rotation period RP_s: ?

other data, Cleoselene:

diameter d_s: 6.9 ± 1.6 km [D11a]
diameter ratio d_s/d_p: 0.051 ± 0.012 [*D]
component mag. difference ΔM: 6.5 [*D]
rotation period RP_s: ?

-- (216) Kleopatra, Alexhelios, and Cleoselene --discovery and notes:

Primary discovered 1880 Apr 10 from Pola, Austria by J. Palisa. Alternate designation(s): A905 OA, A910 RA. Permanent number assigned 1880.

Named 1882 for Cleopatra (69 BC-30 BC).

Second component discovered 2008 Sep 19 by F. Marchis, P. Descamps, J. Berthier, and J. P. Emery using adaptive optics telescope observations from W. M. Keck II Telescope, Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA. Announced 2008 Sep 24 [M08f]. Provisional designation S/2008 (216) 1. Permanent designation I Alexhelios, assigned 2011 Feb 18; named for Alexander Helios (40 BC-?) [MPC73983].

Third component discovered 2008 Sep 19 by F. Marchis, P. Descamps, J. Berthier, and J. P. Emery using adaptive optics telescope observations from W. M. Keck II Telescope, Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA. Announced 2008 Sep 24 [M08f]. Provisional designation S/2008 (216) 2. Permanent designation II Cleoselene, assigned 2011 Feb 18; named for Cleopatra Selene II (40 BC-?) [MPC73983].

Shape model published [*].

--Links, more technical:

--Links, less technical:

--Links to ADS abstracts:

Jain, Ruchika & Sinha, Deepa 2014, Astrophysics and Space Science Stability and regions of motion in the restricted three-body problem when both the primaries are finite straight segments
Jiang, Yu, Baoyin, Hexi, Wang, Xianyu, & Li, Hengnian 2014, ArXiv e-prints Order and Chaos near Equilibrium Points in the Potential of Rotating Highly Irregular-shaped Celestial Bodies
Jiang, Yu, Yu, Yang, & Baoyin, Hexi 2014, ArXiv e-prints Periodic Orbits, Stability and Bifurcations in the Potential Field of Highly Irregular-shaped Celestial Bodies
Hirabayashi, Masatoshi & Scheeres, Daniel J. 2014, The Astrophysical Journal Analysis of Asteroid (216) Kleopatra Using Dynamical and Structural Constraints
Jiang, Yu, Baoyin, Hexi, Li, Junfeng, & Li, Hengnian 2014, Astrophysics and Space Science Orbits and manifolds near the equilibrium points around a rotating asteroid
Hirabayashi, M. & Scheeres, D. J. 2013, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts Constraints on the size of Asteroid (216) Kleopatra using stress analysis
Laipert, Frank & Minton, D. A. 2013, AAS/Division of Dynamical Astronomy Meeting Investigating Satellite Formation Around the Rapidly Rotating, Oblong Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
Hirabayashi, M., Scheeres, D. J., & Holsapple, K. A. 2013, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Constraints on the Size of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra Using Internal Stresses
Crane, K. T., Minton, D. A., & Emery, J. P. 2013, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Thermal Inertia of a Metallic Regolith: A Simulant Sample Experiment
Yu, Yang & Baoyin, Hexi 2013, Astrophysics and Space Science Resonant orbits in the vicinity of asteroid 216 Kleopatra
Yu, Yang & Baoyin, Hexi 2012, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Generating families of 3D periodic orbits about asteroids
Chanut, Thierry & Winter, O. C. 2012, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts Evaluation of the Gravity Field and the Dynamic Environment of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
Yu, Yang & Baoyin, Hexi 2012, The Astronomical Journal Orbital Dynamics in the Vicinity of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
Marchis, F., Emery, J. P., Enriquez, J. E., Descamps, P., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., & Durech, J. 2011, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts Detailed Pictures of Multiple Asteroid Systems in the Main-Belt
Neeley, J. R., Ockert-Bell, M. E., Clark, B. E., Shepard, M. K., Cloutis, E. A., Fornasier, S., & Bus, S. J. 2011, EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 The composition of M-type asteroids: Synthesis of spectroscopic and radar observations
Bouvier, Jean-Claude & Horch, E. 2011, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Minor Planet Observations with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument
2011, Astronomy and Geophysics News and Views: Kleopatra a pile of rubble, shedding moons; Did plasma flow falter to stretch solar minimum? Amateurs hit 20 million variable-star observations; Climate maths; Planetary priorities; New roles in BGA
Descamps, P., Marchis, F., Berthier, J., Emery, J. P., Duchêne, G., de Pater, I., Wong, M. H., Lim, L., Hammel, H. B., Vachier, F., Wiggins, P., Teng-Chuen-Yu, J.-P., Peyrot, A., Pollock, J., Assafin, M., Vieira-Martins, R., Camargo, J. I. B., Braga-Ribas, F., & Macomber, B. 2011, Icarus Triplicity and physical characteristics of Asteroid (216) Kleopatra
Ockert-Bell, M. E., Clark, B. E., Shepard, M. K., Isaacs, R. A., Cloutis, E. A., Fornasier, S., & Bus, S. J. 2010, Icarus The composition of M-type asteroids: Synthesis of spectroscopic and radar observations
Bell, Maureen, Clark, B. E., Shepard, M. K., Issacs, R. A., Cloutis, E. A., Fornasier, S., & Bus, S. J. 2010, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society The Composition of M-type Asteroids: Synthesis of Spectroscopic and Radar Observations.
Marchis, Franck, Berthier, J., Burns, K. J., Descamps, P., Durech, J., Emery, J. P., Enriquez, J. E., Lainey, V., Reiss, A. E., & Vachier, F. 2010, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Characteristics of Known Triple Asteroid Systems in the Main Belt
Shepard, Michael K., Clark, Beth Ellen, Ockert-Bell, Maureen, Nolan, Michael C., Howell, Ellen S., Magri, Christopher, Giorgini, Jon D., Benner, Lance A. M., Ostro, Steven J., Harris, Alan W., Warner, Brian D., Stephens, Robert D., & Mueller, Michael 2010, Icarus A radar survey of M- and X-class asteroids II. Summary and synthesis
Sharma, Ishan 2010, Icarus Equilibrium shapes of rubble-pile binaries: The Darwin ellipsoids for gravitationally held granular aggregates
Marchis, F., Macomber, B., Berthier, J., Vachier, F., & Emery, J. P. 2009, International Astronomical Union Circular S/2009 (93) 1 and S/2009 (93) 2
Marchis, Franck 2009, American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #214 Multiple Asteroid Systems: Search Programs and Studies with AO
Alton, Kevin B. 2009, Minor Planet Bulletin CCD Lightcurve Analysis of 216 Kleopatra
Marchis, F., Descamps, P., Berthier, J., & Emery, J. P. 2008, International Astronomical Union Circular S/2008 (216) 1 and S/2008 (216) 2
Somers, James M., Hicks, M. D., & Lawrence, K. J. 2008, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Optical Characterization of Planetary Radar Targets
Shepard, Michael K., Clark, Beth Ellen, Nolan, Michael C., Howell, Ellen S., Magri, Christopher, Giorgini, Jon D., Benner, Lance A. M., Ostro, Steven J., Harris, Alan W., Warner, Brian, Pray, Donald, Pravec, Petr, Fauerbach, Michael, Bennett, Thomas, Klotz, Alain, Behrend, Raoul, Correia, Horacio, Coloma, Josep, Casulli, Silvano, & Rivkin, Andrew 2008, Icarus A radar survey of M- and X-class asteroids
Boice, Daniel 2008, 37th COSPAR Scientific Assembly A versatile model of cometary nuclei and asteroids for spacecraft encounters
Warner, Brian D. 2006, Minor Planet Bulletin Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - March - June 2006
Lim, Lucy F. & Emery, J. P. 2006, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society A Spitzer IRS Survey Of Hydrated and Non-Hydrated M Asteroids: Preliminary 5-13 Micron Results
Shepard, Michael K., Clark, B. E., Benner, L. A., Giorgini, J. D., Magri, C., Nolan, M. C., & Ostro, S. J. 2006, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society More Results from a Long-Term Radar Survey of M-Class Asteroids.
Shepard, M. K., Clark, B. E., Benner, L. A. M., Giorgini, J. D., Howell, E. S., Magri, C., Nolan, M. C., & Ostro, S. J. 2005, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society A Long-Term Radar Survey of M-Class Asteroids
Hardersen, Paul S., Gaffey, Michael J., & Abell, Paul A. 2005, Icarus Near-IR spectral evidence for the presence of iron-poor orthopyroxenes on the surfaces of six M-type asteroids
Storrs, A. D., Dunne, C., Conan, J.-M., Mugnier, L., Weiss, B. P., & Zellner, B. 2005, Icarus A closer look at main belt asteroids 1: WF/PC images
Ostro, S. J., Hudson, R. S., Nolan, M. C., Margot, J.-L., Scheeres, D. J., Campbell, D. B., Magri, C., Giorgini, J. D., & Yeomans, D. K. 2004, NASA Planetary Data System Asteroid Radar Shape Models, 216 Kleopatra
Bus, S. & Binzel, R. P. 2004, NASA Planetary Data System 216 Kleopatra CCD Spectrum
Takahashi, S., Shinokawa, K., Yoshida, F., Mukai, T., Ip, W. H., & Kawabata, K. 2004, Earth, Planets, and Space Photometric and polarimetric observations and model simulations of (216) Kleopatra
Storrs, A. D., Bank, S., Gerhardt, H., & Makhoul, K. 2003, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Reconstructing HST Images of Asteroids
Hardersen, Paul Scott 2003, Ph.D. Thesis Near-IR reflectance spectroscopy of asteroids and study of the thermal history of the main asteroid belt
Hardersen, P. S., Gaffey, M. J., & Abell, P. A. 2003, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society M-Asteroids II: The search for weak spectral features on 16 Psyche, 125 Liberatrix and 136 Austria.
Hestroffer, D., Berthier, J., Descamps, P., Tanga, P., Cellino, A., Lattanzi, M., Di Martino, M., & Zappalà, V. 2002, Astronomy and Astrophysics Asteroid (216) Kleopatra. Tests of the radar-derived shape model
Tanga, Paolo, Hestroffer, D., Cellino, A., Lattanzi, M., di Martino, M., & Zappalá, V. 2002, Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors: ACM 2002 Shape and size measurements of asteroids by the HST Fine Guidance Sensors
Hestroffer, D., Descamps, P., Kaasalainen, M., Tanga, P., Torppa, J., Berthier, J., Cellino, A., Lattanzi, M., di Martino, M., Piironen, J., & Zappalá, V. 2002, Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors: ACM 2002 Comparison of topographic models for asteroids to the HST/FGS data
Hestroffer, D., Marchis, F., Fusco, T., & Berthier, J. 2002, Astronomy and Astrophysics Adaptive optics observations of asteroid (216) Kleopatra
Hestroffer, D., Tanga, P., Berthier, J., Cellino, A., Lattanti, M., di Martino, M., & Zappalá, V. 2002, Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana HST/FGS interferometric observations of asteroids
Shinokawa, K., Takahashi, S., Ogawa, K., Yoshida, F., Minato, T., Mukai, T., & Kawabata, K. 2002, Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana Observations of photopolarimetric variation with the rotation of asteroids, 3 Juno and 216 Kleopatra
Hestroffer, D., Berthier, J., Descamps, P., Tanga, P., Cellino, A., Lattanzi, M., Di Martino, M., & Zappalà, V. 2002, Astronomy and Astrophysics Asteroid (216) Kleopatra. Tests of the radar-derived shape model
Hardersen, P. S., Gaffey, M. J., & Abell, P. A. 2002, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference M-Asteroids: Searching for Weak Silicate Features on Potentially Differentiated Objects
Kaasalainen, M., Torppa, J., & Piironen, J. 2002, Astronomy and Astrophysics Binary structures among large asteroids
Boice, D. 2002, 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly A Versatile Model of Small Solar System Objects
Tanga, P., Hestroffer, D., Berthier, J., Cellino, A., Lattanzi, M. G., Di Martino, M., & Zappalá, V. 2001, Icarus NOTE: HST/FGS Observations of the Asteroid (216) Kleopatra
Fauvaud, S., Sareyan, J.-P., Boussuge, J., & Bernhard, P. 2001, Minor Planet Bulletin Photometric Observations of the Minor Planet 216 Kleopatra
Storrs, A. D., Dunne, C., Conan, J.-M., & Mugnier, L. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society HST Imaging Observations of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
Boice, D. C., Hasagawa, H., Muroi, K., Tanabe, R., & Watanabe, J.-I. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Modeling Cometary Nuclei and Asteroids
Marchis, F. 2000, Ph.D. Thesis High resolution imaging of the solar system bodies by means of Adaptive Optics. A study of the volcanic activity of Io.
Hasagawa, H., Boice, D. C., Muroi, K., Tanabe, R., & Watanabe, J.-I. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society A Physical Model for Small Bodies in the Solar System
Leinhardt, Z. M., Richardson, D. C., & Quinn, T. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Size distribution dependence in rubble-pile collisions and implications for (216) Kleopatra
Merline, W. J., Close, L. M., Dumas, C., Shelton, J. C., Menard, F., Chapman, C. R., & Slater, D. C. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Discovery of Companions to Asteroids 762 Pulcova and 90 Antiope by Direct Imaging
Hammergren, M., Macintosh, B., Gibbard, S., & Gavel, D. 2000, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Speckle interferometric images of (216) Kleopatra from the Keck I Telescope
Foglia, S. 2000, Minor Planet Bulletin CCD Photometry of 216 Kleopatra
Ostro, Steven J., Hudson, R. Scott, Nolan, Michael C., Margot, Jean-Luc, Scheeres, Daniel J., Campbell, Donald B., Magri, Christopher, Giorgini, Jon D., & Yeomans, Donald K. 2000, Science Radar Observations of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
Ostro, S. J., Hudson, R. S., Nolan, M. C., Margot, J.-L., Scheeres, D. J., Campbell, D. B., Magri, C., Giorgini, J. D., & Yeomans, D. K. 2000, NASA Planetary Data System, EAR-A-5-DDR-RADARSHAPE-MODELS-V1.1:RSHAPES-216KLEOPATRA-200006 Asteroid radar shape models, 216 Kleopatra
Neese, C. 2000, NASA Planetary Data System, EAR-A-5-DDR-RADARSHAPE-MODELS-V1.1 Small body radar shape models V1.1
Marchis, F., Hestroffer, D., Cellino, A., Tanga, P., & Zappala, V. 1999, International Astronomical Union Circular (216) Kleopatra
Ostro, S. J., Hudson, R. S., Nolan, M. C., Magri, C., Campbell, D. B., Giorgini, J. D., & Yeomans, D. K. 1999, AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts #31 Plans for Radar Imaging of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra
Ostro, S. J., Hudson, R. S., Nolan, M. C., Magri, C., Campbell, D. B., Giorgini, J. D., & Yeomans, D. K. 1999, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society Plans for radar imaging of asteroid 216 Kleopatra.
Magri, Christopher, Ostro, Steven J., Rosema, Keith D., Thomas, Michael L., Mitchell, David L., Campbell, Donald B., Chandler, John F., Shapiro, Irwin I., Giorgini, Jon D., & Yeomans, Donald K. 1999, Icarus Mainbelt Asteroids: Results of Arecibo and Goldstone Radar Observations of 37 Objects during 1980-1995
Redman, Russell O., Feldman, P. A., & Matthews, H. E. 1998, The Astronomical Journal High-Quality Photometry of Asteroids at Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelengths
Mitchell, David L., Ostro, Steven J., Rosema, Keith D., Hudson, R. Scott, Campbell, Donald B., Chandler, John F., & Shapiro, Irwin I. 1995, Icarus Radar observations of asteroids 7 Iris, 9 Metis, 12 Victoria, 216 Kleopatra, and 654 Zelinda.
Dotto, E., Barucci, M. A., Fulchignoni, M., di Martino, M., Rotundi, A., Burchi, R., & di Paolantonio, A. 1992, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series M-type asteroids - Rotational properties of 16 objects
Weiss, Benjamin 1992, HST Proposal Investigation of the Dynamics of Binary Asteroids
Dunham, D. W., Osborn, W., Williams, G., Brisbin, J., Gada, A., Hirose, T., Maley, P., Povenmire, H., Stamm, J., Thrush, J., Aikman, C., Fletcher, M., Soma, M., & Sichao, W. 1991, LPI Contributions The Sizes and Shapes of (4) Vesta, (216) Kleopatra, and (381) Myrrha From Occultations Observed During January 1991
Hutton, R. G. 1990, Minor Planet Bulletin V+B Photoelectric Photometry of Asteroids 65 Cybele and 216 Kleopatra
Ostro, Steven J. 1988, Reports of Planetary Astronomy Radar investigation of asteroids and planetary satellites
Frank, P. & Frevert, F. 1988, Sterne und Weltraum Rotationslichtwechsel des Kleinplaneten (216) Kleopatra.
Lupishko, D. F. & Velichko, F. P. 1987, Kinematika i Fizika Nebesnykh Tel The sense of rotation of asteroids 21, 63, 216, and 349
Koshkin, N. I. 1986, Kinematika i Fizika Nebesnykh Tel Determination of the rotation parameters of asteroids with large amplitudes of light variation
Berdnikov, L. N., Grankin, K. N., & Rakitin, I. A. 1985, Byulleten' Instituta Teoreticheskoj Astronomii (Leningrad) Observations of minor planets in Saratov.
Leone, G., Paolicchi, P., Farinella, P., & Zappala, V. 1984, Astronomy and Astrophysics Equilibrium models of binary asteroids
Carlsson, M. & Lagerkvist, C.-I. 1983, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series Physical studies of asteroids. XI - Photoelectric observations of the asteroids 2, 161, 216 and 276
Zappala, V., di Martino, M., Scaltriti, F., Djurasevic, G., & Knezevic, Z. 1983, Icarus Photoelectric analysis of asteroid 216 Kleopatra Implications for its shape
Magnusson, P. 1983, Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors Determination of spin axis orientation for asteroids 44 Nysa, 216 Kleopatra and 624 Hektor
Magnusson, P. 1983, Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors Determination of Spin Axis Orientation for Asteroids 44 NYSA 216 Kleopatra and 624 Hektor
Pilcher, Frederick & Tholen, David J. 1982, Minor Planet Bulletin 216 Kleopatra: Visual Lightcurves of a Large Amplitude Asteroid
Kennedy, H. D. & Tholen, D. J. 1982, Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of Australia The brightness variations of asteroid 216 Kleopatra
Knezevic, Z., Djurasevic, G., & Pavlovski, K. 1982, Hvar Observatory Bulletin A review of photoelectric photometry of asteroids made at Hvar Observatory
Ostro, S. J. 1981, NASA STI/Recon Technical Report N Radar investigation of asteroids
Klemola, A. R. 1981, The Astronomical Journal Astrometric observations of planets, minor planets, and satellites - 1976-1980
Grossman, Martin, Hoffman, Martin, & Duerbeck, Hilman W. 1981, Minor Planet Bulletin Photometric Measurements of 216 Kleopatra
Boninsegna, R. 1981, Ciel et Terre Les variations d'éclat de l'astéroïde 216 Kleopatra
Tholen, D. J. 1980, Sky and Telescope The unusual asteroid 216 Kleopatra
Tholen, D. J. 1980, International Astronomical Union Circular (216) Kleopatra
1980, Yamamoto Circular (216) Kleopatra.
Scaltriti, F. & Zappala, V. 1978, Icarus Photoelectric photometry of asteroids 37, 80, 97, 216, 270, 313, and 471
Knopf, O. 1917, Astronomische Nachrichten Beobachtungen der Planeten 6 Hebe und 216 Kleopatra
Abetti, Antonio 1906, Astronomische Nachrichten Pianeta 1905 QR = (216) Kleopatra
1905, Astronomische Nachrichten Beobachtungen des Planeten (216) Kleopatra [1905 QR]

© 2008-2011, 2014 by Wm. Robert Johnston.
Last modified 21 September 2014.
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