compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston
last updated 20 July 2013
See notes after table for explanations and sources.
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| global mean |N. hemis| atmospheric CO2 | annual | season | annual | atmosph | Earth | sunspot | solar irradiance | volcanic |
year | temperature deviations |temp dev| | change | cycle | man- | CH4 | mean | number | | dust |year
| | | | in | change | made | | albedo| | | in |
| CRU GHCN radio- radio- MSU |reconstr|Hawaii Antarctic| atmosp | in | CO2 | combined| | | satellite |atmosphere|
|surface surface sonde sonde sat. | | air ice cores| CO2 | atmosp |emission| series | | | reconstr reconstr| |
|series series balloon surface | | | | CO2 | | | | | | (optical |
| (degrees Celsius) |(deg C) | (ppm volume) | (Tg C) | (Tg C) | (Tg C) |(ppm vol)| | | (watts per sq. meter) | depth) |
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| T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | M1 | A1 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | V1 |
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1 -0.53 30.6 S 0
50 -0.43 30.4 S 50
100 -0.36 29.9 S 100
150 -0.38 23.5 S 150
200 -0.43 39.0 S 200
250 -0.35 15.0 S 250
300 -0.39 44.9 S 300
350 -0.40 26.5 S 350
400 -0.43 25.8 S 400
450 -0.43 19.2 S 450
500 -0.43 35.9 S 500
550 -0.53 20.2 S 550
600 -0.38 23.5 S 600
650 -0.39 11.2 S 650
700 -0.26 9.3 S 700
750 -0.33 29.0 S 750
800 -0.36 18.1 S 0.0082 S 800
850 -0.29 28.3 S 1365.7 0.0111 S 850
900 -0.27 11.3 S 1365.3 0.0065 S 900
950 -0.25 28.3 S 1366.6 0.0082 S 950
1000 -0.03 279.5 40 750 14.8 S 1365.3 0.0076 S 1000
1050 -0.16 280.5 60 762 6.3 S 1362.3 0.0072 S 1050
1100 -0.03 282.5 70 760 30.7 S 1366.0 0.0045 S 1100
1150 -0.21 283.9 20 770 28.9 S 1368.0 0.0045 S 1150
1200 -0.24 283.6 -40 768 22.3 S 1367.5 0.0078 S 1200
1250 -0.30 281.9 -10 745 19.9 S 1366.1 0.0390 S 1250
1300 -0.47 283.0 5 753 -3.2 S 1364.4 0.0150 S 1300
1350 -0.32 282.1 -60 758 20.7 S 1364.7 0.0087 S 1350
1400 -0.30 280.3 -30 763 5.1 S 1364.2 0.0040 S 1400
1450 -0.49 280.8 40 766 -4.4 S 1360.1 0.0210 S 1450
1500 -0.51 282.2 40 777 2.6 S 1362.3 0.0042 S 1500
1550 -0.66 282.8 -120 788 12.0 S 1361.2 0.0033 1550
1600 -0.73 276.4 -140 751 30.7 S 1364.5 0.0167 1600
1650 -0.64 276.4 5 759 3.1 S 1363.66 1363.6 0.0102 1650
1700 -0.67 276.7 10 759 -2.5 S 1363.60 1362.2 0.0096 1700
1750 -0.50 277.0 90 3 779 27.8 S 1364.60 1367.1 0.0083 1750
1800 -0.40 282.9 260 8 814 14.5 1364.31 1365.3 0.0009 1800
1801 -0.44 283.0 210 8 815 34.0 1364.55 1365.3 0.0030 1801
1802 -0.34 283.1 210 10 816 45.0 1364.40 1365.3 0.0036 1802
1803 -0.29 283.2 210 9 817 43.1 1364.23 1365.3 0.0046 1803
1804 -0.37 283.3 210 9 818 47.5 1364.19 1365.2 0.0019 1804
1805 -0.42 283.4 210 9 819 42.2 1364.15 1365.2 0.0042 1805
1806 -0.45 283.5 170 10 820 28.1 1364.02 1365.2 0.0011 1806
1807 -0.45 283.6 170 10 821 10.1 1363.93 1365.2 0.0021 1807
1808 -0.40 283.6 170 10 822 8.1 1363.87 1365.1 0.0000 1808
1809 -0.35 283.7 170 10 823 2.5 1363.81 1365.1 0.2107 1809
1810 -0.38 283.8 170 10 824 0.0 1363.80 1365.0 0.2308 1810
1811 -0.57 283.8 90 11 825 1.4 1363.84 1365.0 0.0537 1811
1812 -0.87 283.9 90 11 826 5.0 1363.92 1364.9 0.0055 1812
1813 -1.01 283.9 90 11 827 12.2 1364.00 1364.8 0.0018 1813
1814 -0.89 284.0 90 11 828 13.9 1364.07 1364.7 0.0008 1814
1815 -0.77 284.0 90 12 829 35.4 1364.15 1364.7 0.4993 1815
1816 -0.69 284.0 90 13 829 45.8 1364.24 1364.6 0.3260 1816
1817 -0.60 284.1 90 14 830 41.0 1364.19 1364.5 0.0798 1817
1818 -0.59 284.1 90 14 831 30.1 1364.14 1364.5 0.0024 1818
1819 -0.65 284.2 90 14 832 23.9 1364.13 1364.4 0.0015 1819
1820 -0.61 284.2 90 14 833 15.6 1364.08 1364.4 0.0023 1820
1821 -0.55 284.2 40 14 834 6.6 1364.12 1364.3 0.0070 1821
1822 -0.62 284.2 40 15 835 4.0 1364.24 1364.3 0.0075 1822
1823 -0.72 284.3 40 16 836 1.8 1364.29 1364.2 0.0002 1823
1824 -0.72 284.3 40 16 837 8.5 1364.37 1364.1 0.0035 1824
1825 -0.59 284.3 40 17 838 16.6 1364.46 1364.1 0.0003 1825
1826 -0.43 284.3 40 17 839 36.3 1364.57 1364.0 0.0055 1826
1827 -0.32 284.3 40 18 840 49.6 1364.69 1363.9 0.0003 1827
1828 -0.32 284.4 40 18 840 64.2 1364.77 1363.9 0.0039 1828
1829 -0.39 284.4 40 18 840 67.0 1364.80 1363.8 0.0005 1829
1830 -0.40 284.4 40 24 840 70.9 1364.85 1363.9 0.0062 1830
1831 -0.45 284.4 -110 23 840 47.8 1364.72 1364.0 0.0702 1831
1832 -0.49 284.3 -110 23 840 27.5 1364.65 1364.1 0.0570 1832
1833 -0.50 284.1 -430 24 840 8.5 1364.61 1364.1 0.0000 1833
1834 -0.61 284.0 -210 24 840 13.2 1364.68 1364.2 0.0080 1834
1835 -0.75 283.8 -430 25 842 56.9 1364.95 1364.3 0.1815 1835
1836 -0.80 283.7 -210 29 843 121.5 1365.34 1364.5 0.1527 1836
1837 -0.70 283.5 -430 29 844 138.3 1365.43 1364.6 0.0216 1837
1838 -0.53 283.4 -210 30 846 103.2 1365.25 1364.8 0.0090 1838
1839 -0.44 283.4 0 31 847 85.7 1365.18 1365.0 0.0000 1839
1840 -0.47 283.4 0 33 848 64.6 1365.07 1365.2 0.0004 1840
1841 -0.58 283.4 0 34 850 36.7 1364.92 1365.3 0.0030 1841
1842 -0.64 283.5 210 36 851 24.2 1364.86 1365.5 0.0012 1842
1843 -0.62 283.6 210 37 850 10.7 1364.81 1365.6 0.0007 1843
1844 -0.65 283.7 210 39 850 15.0 1364.85 1365.6 0.0022 1844
1845 -0.63 283.9 430 43 849 40.1 1364.98 1365.7 0.0071 1845
1846 -0.51 284.1 430 43 848 61.5 1365.08 1365.7 0.0036 1846
1847 -0.44 284.2 210 46 848 98.5 1365.18 1365.8 0.0006 1847
1848 -0.39 284.4 430 47 852 124.7 1365.38 1365.8 0.0029 1848
1849 -0.38 284.6 430 50 856 96.3 1365.39 1365.9 0.0038 1849
1850 -0.51 -0.43 284.7 210 54 861 66.6 1365.20 1365.9 0.0000 1850
1851 -0.38 -0.44 284.9 430 54 865 64.5 1365.16 1366.0 0.0000 1851
1852 -0.38 -0.38 285.0 210 57 870 54.1 1365.02 1366.0 0.0017 1852
1853 -0.41 -0.29 285.1 210 59 867 39.0 1364.88 1366.1 0.0075 1853
1854 -0.37 -0.18 285.3 430 69 865 20.6 1364.77 1366.1 0.0032 1854
1855 -0.41 -0.29 285.4 210 71 862 6.7 1364.72 1366.2 0.0043 1855
1856 -0.48 -0.56 285.6 430 76 860 4.3 1364.76 1366.2 0.0033 1856
1857 -0.55 -0.61 285.7 210 77 862 22.7 1364.89 1366.3 0.0014 1857
1858 -0.56 -0.46 285.9 430 78 864 54.8 1365.10 1366.3 0.0013 1858
1859 -0.43 -0.33 286.1 430 83 866 93.8 1365.31 1366.4 0.0001 1859
1860 -0.46 -0.24 286.2 210 91 868 95.8 1365.36 1366.4 0.0000 1860
1861 -0.49 -0.24 286.4 430 95 870 77.2 1365.24 1366.4 0.0077 1861
1862 -0.59 -0.31 286.5 210 97 872 59.1 1365.07 1366.4 0.0075 1862
1863 -0.39 -0.38 286.6 210 104 874 44.0 1364.94 1366.5 0.0063 1863
1864 -0.57 -0.43 286.8 430 112 877 47.0 1364.83 1366.5 0.0067 1864
1865 -0.37 -0.46 286.9 210 119 879 30.5 1364.72 1366.5 0.0037 1865
1866 -0.37 -0.39 287.0 210 122 882 16.3 1364.66 1366.5 0.0021 1866
1867 -0.39 -0.24 287.1 210 130 885 7.3 1364.61 1366.5 0.0018 1867
1868 -0.34 -0.13 287.2 210 135 888 37.6 1364.77 1366.5 0.0019 1868
1869 -0.36 -0.13 287.4 430 142 890 74.0 1365.01 1366.4 0.0013 1869
1870 -0.36 -0.18 287.5 210 147 893 139.0 1365.25 1366.4 0.0084 1870
1871 -0.41 -0.18 287.7 430 156 896 111.2 1365.20 1366.4 0.0009 1871
1872 -0.35 -0.19 287.9 430 173 897 101.6 1365.16 1366.4 0.0091 1872
1873 -0.41 -0.27 288.1 430 184 899 66.2 1364.95 1366.4 0.0033 1873
1874 -0.45 -0.26 288.4 640 174 900 44.7 1364.79 1366.4 0.0035 1874
1875 -0.48 -0.24 288.7 640 188 901 17.0 1364.61 1366.3 0.0012 1875
1876 -0.45 -0.29 289.0 640 191 902 11.3 1364.55 1366.3 0.0101 1876
1877 -0.20 -0.31 289.4 850 194 904 12.4 1364.56 1366.3 0.0130 1877
1878 -0.09 -0.31 289.8 850 196 905 3.4 1364.57 1366.3 0.0023 1878
1879 -0.33 -0.37 290.2 850 210 906 6.0 1364.62 1366.3 0.0009 1879
1880 -0.32 -0.38 -0.43 290.7 1070 236 908 32.3 1364.77 1366.3 0.0000 1880
1881 -0.33 -0.33 -0.42 291.2 1070 243 909 54.3 1364.92 1366.3 0.0000 1881
1882 -0.33 -0.35 -0.41 291.7 1070 256 910 59.7 1364.95 1366.2 0.0000 1882
1883 -0.38 -0.40 -0.49 292.1 850 272 911 63.7 1365.00 1366.2 0.0572 1883
1884 -0.45 -0.46 -0.54 292.6 1070 275 913 63.5 1364.90 1366.2 0.0897 1884
1885 -0.44 -0.43 -0.45 293.0 850 277 914 52.2 1364.74 1366.2 0.0138 1885
1886 -0.36 -0.41 -0.36 293.3 640 281 915 25.4 1364.51 1366.1 0.0339 1886
1887 -0.45 -0.49 -0.31 293.6 640 295 916 13.1 1364.42 1366.1 0.0322 1887
1888 -0.41 -0.40 -0.30 293.8 430 327 918 6.8 1364.36 1366.0 0.0036 1888
1889 -0.30 -0.32 -0.34 294.0 430 327 918 6.3 1364.34 1366.0 0.0019 1889
1890 -0.50 -0.53 -0.31 294.2 430 356 919 7.1 1364.40 1365.9 0.0031 1890
1891 -0.46 -0.49 -0.23 294.3 210 372 920 35.6 1364.68 1365.9 0.0128 1891
1892 -0.56 -0.53 -0.28 294.5 430 374 920 73.0 1364.82 1365.8 0.0090 1892
1893 -0.58 -0.57 -0.40 294.6 210 370 921 85.1 1364.99 1365.8 0.0047 1893
1894 -0.51 -0.53 -0.38 294.7 210 383 936 78.0 1365.10 1365.7 0.0007 1894
1895 -0.49 -0.48 -0.29 294.8 210 406 938 64.0 1364.99 1365.7 0.0005 1895
1896 -0.31 -0.34 -0.24 294.9 210 419 940 41.8 1364.79 1365.6 0.0011 1896
1897 -0.33 -0.38 -0.16 295.0 210 440 941 26.2 1364.61 1365.6 0.0001 1897
1898 -0.48 -0.51 -0.27 295.2 430 465 943 26.7 1364.56 1365.5 0.0041 1898
1899 -0.40 -0.39 -0.51 295.5 640 507 945 12.1 1364.49 1365.5 0.0014 1899
1900 -0.33 -0.35 -0.45 295.8 640 534 946 9.5 1364.46 1365.5 0.0027 1900
1901 -0.39 -0.40 -0.27 296.1 640 552 952 2.7 1364.42 1365.5 0.0021 1901
1902 -0.50 -0.49 -0.24 296.5 850 566 956 5.0 1364.48 1365.5 0.0112 1902
1903 -0.57 -0.58 -0.29 296.8 640 617 959 24.4 1364.74 1365.5 0.0478 1903
1904 -0.61 -0.64 -0.30 297.2 850 624 962 42.0 1365.05 1365.5 0.0092 1904
1905 -0.50 -0.52 -0.26 297.6 850 663 965 63.5 1364.88 1365.5 0.0032 1905
1906 -0.42 -0.47 -0.18 298.1 1070 707 969 53.8 1365.08 1365.5 0.0049 1906
1907 -0.59 -0.62 -0.05 298.5 850 784 972 62.0 1364.93 1365.5 0.0078 1907
1908 -0.63 -0.66 0.03 298.9 850 750 977 48.5 1364.95 1365.5 0.0055 1908
1909 -0.63 -0.66 -0.06 299.3 850 785 982 43.9 1364.80 1365.5 0.0000 1909
1910 -0.62 -0.65 -0.16 299.7 850 819 986 18.6 1364.66 1365.5 0.0008 1910
1911 -0.65 -0.67 -0.13 300.1 850 836 991 5.7 1364.59 1365.5 0.0664 1911
1912 -0.57 -0.61 -0.08 300.4 640 879 996 3.6 1364.57 1365.5 0.0161 1912
1913 -0.56 -0.58 0.01 300.8 850 943 1001 1.4 1364.62 1365.6 0.0120 1913
1914 -0.39 -0.42 0.08 301.1 640 850 1006 9.6 1364.72 1365.6 0.0048 1914
1915 -0.32 -0.35 -0.03 301.4 640 838 1008 47.4 1365.04 1365.7 0.0055 1915
1916 -0.51 -0.55 -0.17 301.7 640 901 1011 57.1 1365.26 1365.8 0.0040 1916
1917 -0.57 -0.58 -0.18 302.1 850 955 1014 103.9 1365.41 1365.8 0.0016 1917
1918 -0.46 -0.48 -0.11 302.4 640 936 1021 80.6 1365.37 1365.9 0.0036 1918
1919 -0.41 -0.50 -0.05 302.7 640 806 1027 63.6 1365.14 1365.9 0.0072 1919
1920 -0.40 -0.47 -0.02 303.0 640 932 1034 37.6 1364.98 1366.0 0.0014 1920
1921 -0.34 -0.40 0.05 303.4 850 803 1041 26.1 1364.91 1366.1 0.0012 1921
1922 -0.45 -0.49 0.02 303.8 850 845 1047 14.2 1364.83 1366.2 0.0052 1922
1923 -0.42 -0.47 -0.09 304.1 640 970 1054 5.8 1364.90 1366.2 0.0031 1923
1924 -0.43 -0.46 -0.05 304.5 850 963 1061 16.7 1364.96 1366.3 0.0104 1924
1925 -0.35 -0.39 0.02 305.0 1070 975 1067 44.3 1365.18 1366.4 0.0106 1925
1926 -0.25 -0.30 -0.05 305.4 850 983 1074 63.9 1365.30 1366.5 0.0126 1926
1927 -0.33 -0.36 -0.17 305.8 850 1062 1078 69.0 1365.50 1366.5 0.0029 1927
1928 -0.33 -0.36 -0.27 306.3 1070 1065 1081 77.8 1365.38 1366.6 0.0036 1928
1929 -0.43 -0.48 -0.33 306.8 1070 1145 1084 64.9 1365.35 1366.7 0.0028 1929
1930 -0.24 -0.29 -0.24 307.2 850 1053 1087 35.7 1365.36 1366.7 0.0002 1930
1931 -0.21 -0.27 -0.16 307.7 1070 940 1090 21.2 1365.28 1366.8 0.0075 1931
1932 -0.24 -0.29 -0.22 308.2 1070 847 1096 11.1 1365.21 1366.8 0.0005 1932
1933 -0.36 -0.43 -0.39 308.6 850 893 1102 5.7 1365.11 1366.9 0.0025 1933
1934 -0.24 -0.28 -0.49 309.0 850 973 1107 8.7 1365.23 1366.9 0.0028 1934
1935 -0.26 -0.32 -0.34 309.4 850 1027 1118 36.1 1365.46 1367.0 0.0058 1935
1936 -0.22 -0.29 -0.12 309.8 850 1130 1129 79.7 1365.85 1367.1 0.0021 1936
1937 -0.12 -0.18 0.07 310.0 430 1209 1133 114.4 1365.79 1367.1 0.0335 1937
1938 -0.07 -0.15 0.17 310.2 430 1142 1137 109.6 1365.72 1367.2 0.0043 1938
1939 -0.08 -0.16 0.21 310.3 210 1192 1140 88.8 1365.71 1367.2 0.0054 1939
1940 -0.06 -0.12 0.22 310.4 210 1299 1144 67.8 1365.68 1367.3 0.0004 1940
1941 -0.01 -0.07 0.17 310.4 0 1334 1143 47.5 1365.66 1367.3 0.0050 1941
1942 -0.09 -0.12 0.09 310.3 -210 1342 1153 30.6 1365.63 1367.4 0.0035 1942
1943 -0.09 -0.12 -0.01 310.2 -210 1391 1160 16.3 1365.53 1367.4 0.0968 1943
1944 0.03 -0.01 -0.07 310.1 -210 1383 1167 9.6 1365.59 1367.5 0.0499 1944
1945 -0.10 -0.14 -0.09 310.1 0 1160 1166 33.2 1365.87 1367.5 0.0012 1945
1946 -0.26 -0.27 -0.08 310.1 0 1238 1166 92.6 1365.97 1367.4 0.0033 1946
1947 -0.27 -0.28 -0.12 310.2 210 1392 1171 151.6 1366.22 1367.4 0.0056 1947
1948 -0.27 -0.29 -0.23 310.3 210 1469 1177 136.3 1366.35 1367.4 0.0033 1948
1949 -0.28 -0.30 -0.36 310.5 430 1419 1182 134.7 1366.26 1367.3 0.0028 1949
1950 -0.37 -0.39 -0.37 310.7 430 1630 1187 83.9 1366.02 1367.3 0.0026 1950
1951 -0.24 -0.23 -0.22 311.1 850 1767 1195 69.4 1365.79 1367.3 0.0711 1951
1952 -0.17 -0.18 -0.13 311.5 850 1795 1203 31.5 1365.77 1367.3 0.0559 1952
1953 -0.12 -0.11 -0.13 311.9 850 1841 1211 13.9 1365.62 1367.2 0.0056 1953
1954 -0.32 -0.32 -0.15 312.4 1070 1865 1219 4.4 1365.65 1367.2 0.0006 1954
1955 -0.34 -0.34 -0.13 313.0 1280 2042 1227 38.0 1365.77 1367.2 0.0038 1955
1956 -0.41 -0.40 -0.09 313.6 1280 2177 1257 141.7 1366.31 1367.2 0.0068 1956
1957 -0.16 -0.16 -0.07 314.2 1280 2270 1267 190.2 1366.68 1367.2 0.0053 1957
1958 -0.10 -0.11 -0.03 0.02 -0.10 315.33 P 314.9 1490 11150 2330 1276 184.8 1366.66 1367.2 0.0008 1958
1959 -0.15 -0.15 -0.02 -0.04 -0.28 315.97 315.6 1360 12570 2454 1285 159.0 1366.41 1367.1 0.0029 1959
1960 -0.19 -0.20 -0.09 -0.29 -0.47 316.91 316.3 2000 13790 2569 1294 112.3 1366.30 1367.1 0.0005 1960
1961 -0.11 -0.13 -0.13 -0.05 -0.41 317.64 317.0 1550 12770 2580 1303 53.9 1365.91 1367.1 0.0053 1961
1962 -0.11 -0.10 -0.17 -0.17 -0.21 318.45 317.7 1730 13230 2686 1316 37.6 1365.70 0.0024 1962
1963 -0.08 -0.08 -0.18 -0.20 -0.09 318.99 318.4 1150 13330 2833 1330 27.9 1365.65 0.0721 1963
1964 -0.35 -0.35 -0.21 -0.53 -0.07 319.62 319.2 1340 11730 2995 1344 10.2 1365.66 0.0389 1964
1965 -0.29 -0.28 -0.29 -0.46 -0.09 320.04 320.0 890 12320 3130 1345 15.1 1365.72 0.0149 1965
1966 -0.23 -0.22 -0.17 -0.34 -0.14 321.38 320.8 2850 13640 3288 1357 47.0 1365.95 0.0027 1966
1967 -0.22 -0.21 -0.18 -0.25 -0.17 322.16 321.8 1660 12730 3393 1368 93.7 1366.18 0.0053 1967
1968 -0.23 -0.22 -0.23 -0.39 -0.13 323.04 322.8 1870 13220 3566 1391 105.9 1366.26 0.0243 1968
1969 -0.10 -0.11 -0.12 -0.43 -0.10 324.62 323.8 3370 12680 3780 1413 105.5 1366.36 0.0384 1969
1970 -0.15 -0.16 -0.08 -0.34 -0.19 325.68 324.8 2260 11560 4053 1436 104.5 1366.35 0.0268 1970
1971 -0.25 -0.26 -0.28 -0.51 -0.29 326.32 325.8 1360 13070 4208 1441 66.6 1366.02 0.0141 1971
1972 -0.14 -0.17 -0.22 -0.48 -0.31 327.45 326.9 2410 13510 4376 1464 68.9 1366.05 0.0134 1972
1973 -0.02 -0.04 -0.04 -0.10 -0.30 329.68 328.0 4750 12050 4614 1470 38.0 1365.76 0.0047 1973
1974 -0.28 -0.28 -0.21 -0.32 -0.29 330.18 329.2 1070 13500 4623 1506 34.5 1365.68 0.0054 1974
1975 -0.24 -0.21 -0.19 -0.22 -0.22 331.08 330.3 1920 12750 4596 1504 15.5 1365.50 0.0071 1975
1976 -0.32 -0.30 -0.31 -0.53 -0.09 332.05 331.5 2070 14970 4864 1523 12.6 1365.64 0.0080 1976
1977 -0.07 -0.05 -0.05 -0.13 0.01 333.78 332.6 3680 13250 5026 1542 27.5 1365.86 0.0000 1977
1978 -0.14 -0.13 -0.09 -0.19 0.00 335.41 333.7 3470 13360 5087 1549 92.5 1361.96 P 1366.31 0.0050 1978
1979 -0.03 -0.04 -0.01 -0.11 -0.03 -0.08 336.78 2920 13640 5369 1556 155.4 1362.66 P 1366.68 0.0019 1979
1980 -0.01 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.13 338.68 4050 13180 5316 1564 154.6 1361.92 1366.69 0.0010 1980
1981 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.13 0.10 340.10 3020 14740 5152 1582 140.5 1361.53 1366.73 0.0098 1981
1982 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.09 -0.11 341.44 2850 14900 5113 1614 115.9 1361.29 1366.30 0.0644 1982
1983 0.10 0.09 0.06 0.14 0.08 343.03 3390 14030 5094 1645 P 66.6 1361.13 1366.20 0.0370 1983
1984 -0.09 -0.10 -0.10 0.00 -0.21 344.58 3300 14670 5280 1656 0.318 45.9 1360.79 1365.81 0.0302 S 1984
1985 -0.11 -0.12 -0.11 -0.27 -0.17 346.04 3110 14150 5439 1669 0.326 17.9 1360.63 1365.65 0.0126 S 1985
1986 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 -0.15 -0.10 347.39 2880 14620 5607 1683 0.321 13.4 1360.62 1365.65 0.0136 S 1986
1987 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.17 0.15 349.16 3770 14140 5752 1694 0.315 29.2 1360.71 1365.80 0.0103 S 1987
1988 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.08 0.15 351.56 5110 12790 5965 1705 0.314 100.2 1361.03 1366.09 0.0076 S 1988
1989 0.03 0.04 -0.03 -0.05 -0.07 353.07 3220 13990 6097 1718 0.320 157.6 1361.61 1366.66 0.0061 S 1989
1990 0.17 0.17 0.11 0.27 0.12 354.35 2730 14720 6141 1731 0.313 142.6 1361.94 1366.56 0.0061 S 1990
1991 0.13 0.15 0.03 0.19 0.16 355.57 2600 14950 6233 1741 0.318 145.7 1362.02 1366.45 0.0539 S 1991
1992 0.00 0.01 -0.16 -0.15 -0.15 356.38 1730 14780 6165 1745 0.315 94.3 1361.89 1366.31 0.1211 S 1992
1993 0.03 0.04 -0.14 -0.13 -0.10 357.07 1470 14560 6180 1749 0.310 54.6 1361.48 1366.04 0.0490 S 1993
1994 0.09 0.10 -0.04 0.06 0.03 358.82 3730 15110 6286 1758 0.314 29.9 1361.31 1365.81 0.0200 S 1994
1995 0.19 0.22 0.02 0.35 0.15 360.80 4220 13830 6420 1762 0.307 17.5 1361.24 1365.71 0.0096 S 1995
1996 0.06 0.09 -0.07 0.17 0.07 362.59 3810 13600 6544 1763 0.304 8.6 1361.08 1365.62 0.0065 S 1996
1997 0.27 0.28 -0.09 0.34 0.09 363.71 2390 16570 6653 1773 0.295 21.5 1361.29 1365.75 0.0052 S 1997
1998 0.45 0.40 0.29 0.42 0.56 366.65 6260 13240 6644 1778 0.299 64.3 1361.75 1366.11 0.0028 S 1998
1999 0.23 0.23 -0.04 0.39 0.09 368.33 3580 13740 6611 1785 0.299 93.3 1362.05 1366.39 0.0021 S 1999
2000 0.20 0.20 -0.06 0.23 0.08 369.52 2530 12590 6766 1785 0.300 119.6 1362.12 1366.67 0.0021 S 2000
2001 0.33 0.32 0.04 0.35 0.25 371.13 3430 14000 6929 1786 0.303 111.0 1362.09 0.0021 S 2001
2002 0.38 0.38 0.08 0.59 0.36 373.22 4450 13980 6998 1783 0.305 104.0 1362.09 0.0021 S 2002
2003 0.39 0.39 0.13 0.33 0.33 375.77 5430 13770 7421 1792 0.305 63.7 1361.60 0.0027 S 2003
2004 0.37 0.35 0.06 0.42 0.25 377.49 3660 15850 7812 1790 0.317 40.4 1361.34 0.0024 S 2004
2005 0.40 0.42 0.12 P 0.53 0.40 379.80 4920 15050 8106 1790 29.8 1361.12 0.0034 S 2005
2006 0.35 0.37 0.53 0.33 381.90 4470 14610 8372 1786 15.2 1361.08 0.0039 S 2006
2007 0.32 0.36 0.68 0.35 383.76 3960 14140 8572 1795 7.5 1360.92 0.0044 S 2007
2008 0.25 0.28 0.49 0.13 385.59 3900 13540 8769 1799 2.9 1360.81 0.0038 S 2008
2009 0.36 0.37 0.69 0.36 387.37 3790 15390 8738 1808 3.1 1360.78 0.0047 S 2009
2010 0.40 0.43 0.47 0.53 389.85 5280 14470 9192 1815 16.5 1361.03 0.0036 S 2010
2011 0.27 0.30 0.27 391.63 3790 13920 9471 1817 55.7 1361.23 0.0049 S 2011
2012 0.33 0.35 0.30 393.82 4660 15430 57.7 1361.29 0.0037 SP 2012
2013 0.37 P 60.4 P 1361.18 P 2013
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | M1 | A1 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | V1 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| global mean |N. hemis| atmospheric CO2 | annual | season | annual | atmosph | Earth | sunspot | solar irradiance | volcanic |
year | temperature deviations |temp dev| | change | cycle | man- | CH4 | mean | number | | dust |year
| | | | in | change | made | | albedo| | | in |
| CRU GHCN radio- radio- MSU |reconstr|Hawaii Antarctic| atmosp | in | CO2 | combined| | | satellite |atmosphere|
|surface surface sonde sonde sat. | | air ice cores| CO2 | atmosp |emission| series | | | reconstr reconstr| |
|series series balloon surface | | | | CO2 | | | | | | (optical |
| (degrees Celsius) |(deg C) | (ppm volume) | (Tg C) | (Tg C) | (Tg C) |(ppm vol)| | | (watts per sq. meter) | depth) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P = partial year data only
S = supplementary data from alternative sources/methods
Other notes, caveats on data, and sources:
| series | caveats | sources |
|---|---|---|
|
T1: mean global temperature deviations, surface measurements (CRU) temperature series by Jones et al. at the Climate Research Unit (CRU) using measurements from land surface stations and marine stations, in degrees Celsius (given here relative to 1979-1988 average) | Land-based measurements may be biased by microclimate heat island effects; these series are corrected for this and other sources of bias, although the success of these corrections has been questioned. | Jones, P.D., D.E. Parker, T.J. Osborn, and K.R. Briffa, 2013, "Global and hemispheric temperature anomalies--land and marine instrumental records," in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/temp/jonescru/jones.html]. |
|
T2: mean global temperature deviations, surface measurements (GHCN) temperature series combining the land surface stations of the Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) series with marine station data from the United Kingdom's MOHSST dataset and NCEP series, in degrees Celsius (given here relative to 1979-1988 average) | Land-based measurements may be biased by microclimate heat island effects; these series are corrected for this and other sources of bias, although the success of these corrections has been questioned. This data set was revised in 2012 such that post-1950 temperatures were increased 0.1 deg C relative to pre-1950 temperatures. | NOAA National Climatic Data Center, 2013, "Climate at a glance," on line at NCDC [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/time-series/global]. |
|
T3: mean global temperature deviations, radiosonode measurements, troposphere temperature series based on balloon-based radiosonode measurements for the troposphere from 850 mb to 300 mb (given here relative to 1979-1988 average) | Balloon-based radiosonode measurements tend to agree with satellite-based measurements but not with surface-based measurements. These measurements are for the lower atmosphere (from about 1.4 km to 10 km altitude) and may not reflect the same trends as surface temperatures. | Sterin, A.M., 2007, "Tropospheric and Lower Stratospheric Temperature Anomalies Based on Global Radiosonde Network Data," in Trends Online: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/temp/sterin/sterin.html]. |
|
T4: mean global temperature deviations, radiosonode measurements, surface temperature series based on balloon-based radiosonode measurements for the surface (given here relative to 1979-1988 average) | Balloon-based radiosonode measurements tend to agree with satellite-based measurements but not with surface-based measurements, although after recent corrections the Angell series here corresponds more closely to the surface-based record. | Angell, J.K., 2006, "Global, hemispheric, and zonal temperature deviations derived from radiosonde records," in Trends Online: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/temp/angell/angell.html]. |
|
T5: mean global temperature deviations, satellite MSU measurements, troposphere temperature series based on satellite-based microwave sounding unit (MSU) measurements of the troposphere (given here relative to 1979-1988 average) | Satellite-based measurements tend to show less warming than surface-based measurements. The consistency of this series has been questioned, although the author argues that these issues are accounted for after recent corrections. These measurements are for the lower atmosphere and may not reflect the same trends as surface temperatures. | Christy, John, and Roy Spencer, 2013, "Global Temperature Report," on line at Earth System Science Center [http://nsstc.uah.edu/climate/index.html]. |
|
T6: Northern hemisphere temperature deviations, reconstructed temperature series reconstruction based on tree rings and other proxies for the Northern hemisphere | These proxy reconstructions are only indirectly linked to actual past temperatures. Different authors have produced significantly different reconstructions of past temperatures. | Moberg, A., D.M. Sonechkin, K. Holmgren, N.M. Datsenko and W. Karlin, 10 Feb. 2005, "Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data," Nature, 433(7026):613-617, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/moberg2005/moberg2005.html]. |
|
C1: atmospheric CO2 concentrations, measured mean atmospheric CO2 concentrations by volume, measured from Mauna Kea | Measurements vary from station to station on the Earth's surface, but they do consistently show the same trends. | Tans, P., and R. Keeling, 2013, "Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide: Mauna Loa, Hawaii," Earth System Research Laboratory, on line http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/mlo.html#mlo_full. |
|
C2: atmospheric CO2 concentrations, reconstructed mean atmospheric CO2 concentrations by volume, reconstructed from ice core measurements from Law Dome, Antarctica (for years 1000-1799, 75-year smoothing; years 1800-1831, extrapolated from 75-year smoothed data; years 1832-1978, 20-year smoothing) | These are indirect measurements, based on air trapped in glacial ice. Direct pre-1950 air measurements show different trends, although these direct measurements have their own issues. | D.M. Etheridge, L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds, R.J. Francey, J.-M. Barnola and V.I. Morgan, 1998, "Historical CO2 records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS ice cores," in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html]. |
|
C3: annual change in atmospheric CO2 annual change in total atmospheric CO2 in teragrams of carbon content | Indirectly derived from other series (C1 and C2). | Derived from C1 and C2. |
|
C4: amplitude of seasonal change in atmospheric CO2 amplitude of the spring-fall cycle in atmospheric CO2, in teragrams of carbon content | Approximate amplitude only, based on difference between fall low and average of spring highs for the stated year and the following year. | derived from Keeling, C.D. and T.P. Whorf, 2005, "Atmospheric CO2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling network," in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/sio-mlo.htm]. |
|
C5: annual manmade emissions of CO2 estimated gaseous CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption, gas flaring, and cement production, in teragrams of carbon content | Estimated, based on models and various data sources (energy consumption, cement production, etc.) | Boden, T. A., G. Marland, and R. J. Andres, 2012, "Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions," Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/meth_reg.html]. |
|
M1: atmospheric CH4 concentrations, combined up to 1982, from Law Dome Antactica and Summit Greenland ice core measurements, interpolated; 1983-2011, from Mauna Loa air measurements, interpolated and adjusted to match ice core series in period of overlap. | Atmospheric methane measurements vary quite significantly with location, although the trends are consistent. The series given here merges both directly measured values and values indirectly obtained from measurements of gas trapped in glacial ice. | Dlugokencky, E.J., P.M. Lang, A.M. Crotwell, and K.A. Masarie, 2012, "Atmospheric methane dry air mole fractions from the NOAA ESRL Carbon Cycle Cooperative Global Air Sampling Network, 1983-2011, Version: 2012-09-24," on line at Earth System Research Laboratory [ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/trace_gases/ch4/flask/surface/ch4_mlo_surface-flask_1_ccgg_month.txt]; Etheridge, D.M., L.P. Steele, R.J. Francey, and R.L. Langenfelds, 1998, "Atmospheric methane between 1000 AD and present: Evidence of anthropogenic emissions and climatic variability," Journal of Geophysical Research 103(D13):15,979-15,993, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/law/law_ch4.txt]; . |
|
A1: mean Earth albedo, derived annual average Earth albedo derived from observations of Earthshine reflected on the Moon | Values are indirect and are cumulative for the whole Earth as visible from the Moon. | E. Palle, P. R. Goode, P. Montanes-Rodriguez, and S. E. Koonin, 2004, "Changes in Earth's reflectance over the past two decades," Science, 304:1299-1301; E. Palle, P. Montanes-Rodriguez, P. R. Goode, J. Qiu, V. Yurchyshyn, J. Hickey, M.-C. Chu, E. Kolbe, C. T. Brown, and S. E. Koonin, 2004, "The Earthshine Project: update on photometric and spectroscopic measurements," Advances in Space Research, 34:288-292. |
|
S1: annual average sunspot numbers, combined (pre-1800 values reconstructed from radiocarbon concentrations with 20-year average) | Pre-1800 values are indirectly estimated from proxy data and modeled Earth-Sun interactions. | R. A. M. Van der Linden and SIDC, 2013, "Sunspot Data," RWC Belgium, on line at SIDC, Royal Observatory of Belgium, [http://sidc.oma.be/html/sunspot.html]; Solanki, S.K., I.G. Usoskin, B. Kromer, M. Schessler and J. Beer, 28 Oct. 2004, "An unusually active Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years," Nature, 431(7012):1084-1087, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/solanki2004/solanki2004.html]. |
|
S2: total solar irradiance, measured | This series is a merger of data from several satellites, involving some assumptions regarding absolute calibration between the different satellites. | Willson, R. C., 2013, "ACRIM data products," ACRIM, on line [http://www.acrim.com/Data%20Products.htm]. |
|
S3: total solar irradiance, reconstructed (50-year averages for 1650-1700) | This reconstruction is indirect, based on proxies related to solar activity-Earth interactions combined with models relating solar activity to solar irradiance. | Lean, J., 2004, "Solar Irradiance Reconstruction," IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, and Lean, J., 15 Aug. 2000, "Evolution of the Sun's Spectral Irradiance Since the Maunder Minimum," Geophysical Research Letters, 27(16):2425-2428, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/solar_variability/lean2000_irradiance.txt]. |
|
S4: total solar irradiance, reconstructed from radioisotope data (uses 0.40% Maunder Minimum reduction series, nearest year) | This reconstruction is indirect, based on proxies related to solar activity-Earth interactions combined with models relating solar activity to solar irradiance; the authors reported several additional series reflecting differences in assumptions. | Bard, E., G. Raisbeck, F. Yiou, and J. Jouzel, 2000, "Solar irradiance during the last 1200 years based on cosmogenic nuclides," TELLUS B 52(3):985-992, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/solar_variability/bard_irradiance.txt]. |
|
V1: global average atmospheric volcanic aerosols, reconstructed | Data is model based, combining direct measurements with proxy-based indirect data and modeling. Three different data sets are combined here, each different from the others. | A. Robertson, J. Overpeck, D. Rind, E. Mosley-Thompson, G. Zielinski, J. Lean, D.Koch, J.Penner, I. Tegen, and R. Healy, 27 July 2001, "Hypothesized Climate Forcing Time Series for the Last 500 Years," Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(D14):14,783-14,803, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/robertson2001/robertson2001.html]; Sato, M., et al., 2013, "Forcings in GISS climate model: Stratospheric aerosol optical thickness," NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, on line [http://data.giss.nasa.gov/modelforce/strataer/]; Crowley, T. J., and M. B. Unterman, 2012, "Technical details concerning development of a 1200-yr proxy index for global volcanism," Earth System Science Data, 5:187-197, on line at NCDC [http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:802641428169586::::P1_STUDY_ID:14168]. |
© 2001-2008, 2013 by Wm. Robert Johnston.
Last modified 20 July 2013.
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