Historical abortion statistics, North Carolina (USA)

Abortion statistics and other data--Johnston`s Archive

Historical abortion statistics, North Carolina (USA)

compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston
last updated 15 January 2023

Definition of table data (see notes after table for additional information):

Live births includes data from the Centers for Disease Control and from state health departments.
Abortions, reported includes data from the Centers for Disease Control and from state health departments.
Abortions includes estimates from Alan Guttmacher Institute surveys.
Abortions, merged combines official reported data and Guttmacher figures with the compiler's estimates (provisional).
Fetal deaths generally includes fetal deaths or stillbirths of at least 20 weeks` gestation.
Abortion ratio is abortions per 1000 live births.
Abortion % is abortions as percentage of pregnancies (excluding fetal deaths/miscarriages).
Abortion rate is abortions per 1000 women ages 15-44.
Abortion %, merged is abortions as percentage of pregnancies, using the abortions, merged figures (provisional).
Abortion rate, merged is abortion per 1000 women ages 15-44, using the abortions, merged figures (provisional).

North Carolina county level data also available: abortions and live births and abortion percentages with state map.

year	live births	abortions, reported (CDC/state)			abortions (AGI)			abortions, merged	fetal deaths	abortion ratio		abortion %		abortion rate, residents	abortion %, merged	abortion rate, merged
year	live births	total in state	residents, in state only	residents, in and out of state	total in state	residents, in state only	residents, in and out of state	all in state	fetal deaths	all in state	residents, in/out of state	all in state	residents, in/out of state	abortion rate, residents	all in state
1969	94,000	305						305		3.2		0.32			0.32
1970	(98,184)	1,357						1,357		13.8		1.36			(1.36)	1.22
1971	(95,570)	4,378						4,378		45.8		4.38			(4.38)	3.83
1972	89,491	8,365	8,300	8,300				8,365		93.5	92.7	8.55	8.49	7.08	8.55	7.14
1973	85,772	11,935	(11,880)	(11,880)	12,260			12,260		142.9	138.5	12.51	12.17	9.87	12.51	10.19
1974	84,529	16,463	15,481	16,716	16,850			16,850		199.3	197.8	16.62	16.51	13.56	16.62	13.67
1975	80,806	19,960	18,602	19,601	19,960			19,960		247.0	242.6	19.81	19.52	15.56	19.81	15.84
1976	80,583	23,561	22,033	23,016	23,710		23,600	23,710		294.2	292.9	22.73	22.65	18.32	22.73	18.41
1977	84,872	25,020	23,450	24,788	24,960	23,640	26,040	25,020		294.8	306.8	22.77	23.48	19.76	22.77	18.98
1978	82,801	27,266	25,277	26,981	30,120	28,580	30,510	30,120		363.8	368.5	26.67	26.93	22.69	26.67	22.40
1979	84,388	29,479	27,799	29,516	30,370	28,820	30,660	30,370		359.9	363.3	26.46	26.65	22.41	26.46	22.19
1980	85,123	32,006	30,155	31,747	31,890	30,100	31,820	32,006		376.0	373.8	27.33	27.21	22.73	27.33	22.86
1981	84,470	32,050		1,361	33,220		32,970	33,220		393.3	390.3	28.23	28.07	23.19	28.23	23.37
1982	86,692	31,798	(29,920)	(29,920)	33,230	31,280	33,320	33,230		383.3	384.3	27.71	27.76	23.09	27.71	23.03
1983	84,655	32,952	(31,240)	(31,240)				(34,520)		389.3	369.0	28.02	26.96	21.40	(28.97)	(23.65)
1984	86,705	34,458	(32,807)	(32,807)	35,800		35,630	35,800		412.9	410.9	29.22	29.12	23.94	29.22	24.05
1985	89,589	32,923	(31,175)	(31,175)	34,180	32,370	33,880	34,180		381.5	378.2	27.62	27.44	22.32	27.62	22.52
1986	90,597	33,765	(31,640)	(31,640)				(35,910)		372.7	349.2	27.15	25.88	20.53	(28.39)	(23.30)
1987	93,405	35,544	(33,090)	(33,090)	37,630		36,390	37,630		402.9	389.6	28.72	28.04	23.29	28.72	24.08
1988	98,183	37,629	(34,730)	(34,730)	39,720		38,120	39,720		404.6	388.3	28.80	27.97	24.22	28.80	25.24
1989	102,817	36,799	(33,820)	(33,820)				(38,880)		357.9	328.9	26.36	24.75	21.32	(27.44)	(24.51)
1990	104,525	36,494	(33,460)	34,565				(38,050)	911	349.1	330.7	25.88	24.85	21.60	(26.69)	(23.78)
1991	102,442	36,420	(33,370)	34,369	37,210		35,320	37,210	884	363.2	344.8	26.64	25.64	21.88	26.64	23.05
1992	103,047	35,253	(32,080)	32,730	36,180		34,000	36,180	948	351.1	329.9	25.99	24.81	21.14	25.99	22.50
1993	100,597	34,906	(31,490)	32,498				(35,650)	861	347.0	323.1	25.76	24.42	20.07	(26.17)	(22.02)
1994	101,911	35,088	(31,270)	31,875				(35,130)	808	344.3	312.8	25.61	23.83	19.56	(25.63)	(21.56)
1995	101,592	33,420	(29,550)	29,938	34,600			34,600	823	340.6	294.7	25.41	22.76	18.20	25.41	21.03
1996	104,470	33,554	29,934	30,593	33,550		31,070	33,554	952	321.2	297.4	24.31	22.92	18.73	24.31	20.23
1997	107,015	31,495	27,978	28,950				(34,500)	865	294.3	270.5	22.74	21.29	17.34	(24.38)	(20.67)
1998	111,688	33,105	29,027	29,976				(35,450)	905	296.4	268.4	22.86	21.16	17.85	(24.09)	(21.11)
1999	113,795	32,081	27,481	28,459	(36,400)		33,870	(36,400)	856	319.9	297.6	24.24	22.94	20.11	(24.24)	(21.61)
2000	120,311	30,942	26,197	27,071	37,610		33,620	37,610	937	312.6	279.4	23.82	21.84	18.84	23.82	21.07
2001	118,185	30,419	26,221	27,199				(35,730)	836	257.4	230.1	20.47	18.71	15.13	(23.21)	(19.87)
2002	117,335	29,229	25,050	25,969				(33,210)	845	249.1	221.3	19.94	18.12	14.37	(22.06)	(18.38)
2003	118,323	31,006	25,923	26,778				(34,120)	832	262.0	226.3	20.76	18.45	14.74	(22.38)	(18.78)
2004	119,847	33,954	28,485	29,466	(36,220)		31,720	(36,220)	798	302.2	264.7	23.21	20.93	17.35	(23.21)	(19.81)
2005	123,086	32,335	27,674	27,881	34,500		29,730	34,500	847	280.3	241.5	21.89	19.45	16.08	21.89	18.66
2006	127,841	35,088	28,711	29,676			31,800	(36,810)	853	274.5	248.7	21.54	19.92	16.94	(22.36)	(19.61)
2007	130,886	33,233	28,545	28,935	34,290		30,220	34,290	809	262.0	230.9	20.76	18.76	15.82	20.76	17.95
2008	130,839	31,822	27,234	27,413	33,140			33,140	870	253.3	209.5	20.21	17.32	14.18	20.21	17.14
2009	126,845	30,596	26,123	26,932				(32,090)	839	241.2	212.3	19.43	17.51	13.83	(20.19)	(16.48)
2010	122,350	30,952	25,808	26,588	32,700			32,700	801	267.3	217.3	21.09	17.85	13.63	21.09	16.77
2011	120,385	26,192	22,370	23,114	28,600			28,600	739	237.6	192.0	19.20	16.11	11.87	19.20	14.68
2012	119,946	24,439	20,973	21,663				(29,360)	797	203.8	180.6	16.93	15.30	11.08	(19.66)	(15.02)
2013	119,796	22,820	19,285	19,908	30,550			30,550	759	255.0	166.2	20.32	14.25	10.13	20.32	15.54
2014	120,975	24,605	21,129	21,752	29,960			29,960	906	247.7	179.8	19.85	15.24	11.02	19.85	15.18
2015	120,843	27,631	22,846	23,470				(28,430)	857	228.7	194.2	18.61	16.26	11.85	(19.05)	(14.35)
2016	120,779	27,138	23,070	23,168	26,990			27,138	824	224.7	191.8	18.35	16.09	11.60	18.35	13.59
2017	120,125	27,183	22,677	22,767	29,500	(24,030)	25,060	29,500	803	245.6	208.6	19.72	17.26	12.46	19.72	14.67
2018	118,954	27,581	23,018	23,166				(29,160)		231.9	194.7	18.82	16.30	11.41	(19.69)	(14.37)
2019	118,725	28,450	23,495	23,578	29,320			29,320		247.0	198.6	19.80	16.57	11.51	19.80	14.32
2020	116,730	30,004	25,058	25,269	31,850			31,850		272.9	216.5	21.44	17.80	12.34	21.44	15.56
2021	119,792			6				(32,800)							(21.50)	(15.82)
2022								(36,000)								(17.4)
year	live births	abortions, reported (CDC/state)			abortions (AGI)			abortions, merged	fetal deaths	abortion ratio		abortion %		abortion rate, residents	abortion %, merged	abortion rate, merged
year	live births	total in state	residents, in state only	residents, in and out of state	total in state	residents, in state only	residents, in and out of state	all in state	fetal deaths	all in state	residents, in/out of state	all in state	residents, in/out of state	abortion rate, residents	all in state

Notes:

For most states, CDC/state data is incomplete.
Parenthetical figures are estimates, some of which are derived from reported data.
Abortion ratios, percentages, and rates may be based on a mix of CDC/state and AGI data and thus may not represent a consistent time series.

Sources:

Alan Guttmacher Institute, Jan. 2008, "State facts about abortion," AGI, on line [http://www.guttmacher.org/statecenter/sfaa.html].
Binkin, Nancy J., Pamela R. H. Lang, Elaine P. Rhodenhiser, Carol R. Hogue, H. Trent MacKay, Stuart M. Berman, James W. Buehler, and Jack C. Smith, 1983, "Abortion Surveillance, 1981," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 33(SS-3):1-8.
Center for Disease Control, April 1976, Abortion Surveillance 1974, Center for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA).
Center for Disease Control, April 1977, Abortion Surveillance 1975, Center for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA).
Center for Disease Control, Aug. 1978, Abortion Surveillance 1976, Center for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA).
Center for Disease Control, Sept. 1979, Abortion Surveillance 1977, Center for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA).
Centers for Disease Control, May 1983, Abortion Surveillance 1979-1980, Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA).
Centers for Disease Control, Nov. 1980, Abortion Surveillance 1978, Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA).
Elam-Evans, Laurie D., Lilo T. Strauss, Joy Herndon, Wilda Y. Parker, Sara Whitehead, Cynthia J. Berg, 29 Nov. 2002, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 1999," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 51(SS-9):1-28, on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5109.pdf].
Elam-Evans, Laurie D., Lilo T. Strauss, Joy Herndon, Wilda Y. Parker, Sonya V. Bowens, Suzanne Zane, and Cynthia J. Berg, 28 Nov. 2003, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 2000," MMWR Surveillance Summaries 52(SS-12), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/SS/SS5212.pdf].
Ellerbrock, Tedd V., Hani K. Atrash, Eliane P. Rhodenhiser, Carol J. R. Hogue, and Jack C. Smith, Feb. 1987, "Abortion Survelliance, 1982-1983," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 36(SS-1):11-42.
Finer, Lawrence B., and Kathryn Kost, June 2011, "Unintended pregnancy rates at the state level," Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 43(2):78-87, on line at AGI [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/4307811.pdf].
Forrest, Jacqueline Darroch, Christopher Tietze, and Ellen Sullivan, Sept./Oct. 1978, "Abortion in the United States, 1976-1977," Family Planning Perspectives, 10:271-279.
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Gamble, Sonya B., Lilo T. Strauss, Wilda Y. Parker, Douglas A. Cook, Suzanne B. Zane, and Saeed Hamdan, 28 Nov. 2008, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 2005," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 57(SS-13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5713.pdf].
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Hamilton, Brady E., Joyce A. Martin, and Stephanie J. Ventura, 5 Dec. 2007, "Births: Preliminary data for 2006," National Vital Statistics Reports, 56(7), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_07.pdf].
Henshaw, Stanley K., and Kathryn Kost, Aug. 2008, "Trends in the characteristics of women obtaining abortions, 1974 to 2004," Alan Guttmacher Institute, on line [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/2008/09/18/Report_Trends_Women_Obtaining_Abortions.pdf].
Henshaw, Stanley K., and Kevin O'Reilly, Jan./Feb. 1983, "Characteristics of Abortion Patients in the United States, 1979 and 1980," Family Planning Perspectives, 15(1):5-8,10-16.
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Henshaw, Stanley, and Jennifer Van Vort, May/June 1990, "Abortion Services in the United States, 1987 and 1988," Family Planning Perspectives, 22(3):102+.
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Henshaw, Stanley, Jacqueline Darroch Forrest, and Ellen Blaine, May/June 1984, "Abortion Services in the United States, 1981 and 1982," Family Planning Perspectives, 16(3):119-127.
Henshaw, Stanley, Jacqueline Darroch Forrest, and Jennifer Van Vort, March/April 1987, "Abortion Services in the United States, 1984 and 1985," Family Planning Perspectives, 19(2):63-70.
Henshaw, Stanley, Jacqueline Darroch Forrest, Ellen Sullivan, and Christopher Tietze, Jan./Feb. 1981, "Abortion in the United States, 1978-1979," Family Planning Perspectives, 13(1):6+.
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Herndon, Joy, Lilo T. Strauss, Sara Whitehead, Wilda Y. Parker, Linda Bartlett, and Suzanne Zane, 7 June 2002, "Abortion surveillance--United States, 1998," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 51(3), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5103.pdf].
Johnston, Wm. Robert, Feb. 2007, "Interstate abortions by state of residence and state of occurrence," working paper.
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Jones, R. K., and J. Jerman, 2014, "Abortion incidence and service availability in the United States, 2011," Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 46(1), doi:10.1363/46e0414.
Kochanek, Kenneth D., 28 April 1989, "Induced terminations of pregnancy: reporting states, 1985 and 1986," Monthly Vital Statistics Report Supplement, 37(12), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv37_12s.pdf].
Kochanek, Kenneth D., 30 April 1991, "Induced terminations of pregnancy: reporting states, 1988," Monthly Vital Statistics Report Supplement, 39(12), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv39_12s.pdf].
Kochanek, Kenneth D., 5 Jan. 1990, "Induced terminations of pregnancy: reporting states, 1987," Monthly Vital Statistics Report Supplement, 38(9), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv38_09s.pdf].
Koonin, Lisa M., Hani K. Atrash, Jack C. Smith, and Merrell Ramick, 1 June 1990, "Abortion Surveillance, United States, 1986-1987," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 39(2), summary on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001668.htm].
Koonin, Lisa M., Jack C. Smith, and Merrell Ramick, 17 Dec. 1993, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 1990," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 42(SS-6):29-57, on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss4206.pdf].
Koonin, Lisa M., Jack C. Smith, and Merrell Ramick, 5 May 1995, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 1991," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 44(SS-2):23-53, on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss4402.pdf].
Koonin, Lisa M., Jack C. Smith, Merrell Ramick, and Clarice A. Green, 3 May 1996, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 1992," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 45(SS-3):1-36, on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss4503.pdf].
Koonin, Lisa M., Jack C. Smith, Merrell Ramick, and Herschel W. Lawson, 4 Sept. 1992, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 1989," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 41(5):1-33.
Koonin, Lisa M., Jack C. Smith, Merrell Ramick, and Lilo T. Strauss, 3 July 1998, "Abortion Surveillance, United States--1995," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 47(SS-2):31-68, on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss4702.pdf].
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Koonin, Lisa M., Kenneth D. Kochanek, Jack C. Smith, and Merrell Ramick, Jul 1991, "Abortion Surveillance, United States, 1988," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 40(SS-1):15-42.
Koonin, Lisa M., Lilo T. Strauss, Camaryn E. Chrisman, and Wilda Y. Parker, 8 Dec. 2000, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 1997," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 49(SS-11):1-43, on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss4911.pdf].
Koonin, Lisa M., Lilo T. Strauss, Camaryn E. Chrisman, Myra A. Montalbano, Linda A. Bartlett, and Jack C. Smith, 30 July 1999, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 1996," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 48(SS-4):1-42, on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss4804.pdf].
Lawson, Herschel W., Hani K. Atrash, Audrey F. Saftlas, Lisa M. Koonin, Merrell Ramick, and Jack C. Smith, 1 Sept. 1989, "Abortion Surveillance, United States, 1984-1985," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 38(2), summary on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001467.htm].
MacDorman, Marian F., Donna L. Hoyert, Joyce A. Martin, Martha L. Munson, and Brady E. Hamilton, 21 Feb. 2007, "Fetal and perinatal mortality, United States, 2003," National Vital Statistics Reports, 55(6), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr55/nvsr55_06.pdf].
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Martin, Joyce A., Brady E. Hamilton, Paul D. Sutton, Stephanie J. Ventura, Fay Menacker, and Martha L. Munson, 8 Sept. 2005, "Births: final data for 2003," National Vital Statistics Reports, 54(2), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_02.pdf].
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Martin, Joyce A., Brady E. Hamilton, Stephanie J. Ventura, Michelle J. K. Osterman, Sharon Kirmeyer, T. J. Mathews, and Elizabeth C. Wilson, 3 Nov. 2011, "Births: Final data for 2009," National Vital Statistics Reports, 60(1), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_01.pdf].
Munson, M. L., and P. D. Sutton, 21 July 2006, "Births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: provisional data for 2005," National Vital Statistics Reports, 54(20), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_20.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 12 Dec. 1977, "Annual summary for the United States, 1976," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 25(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv25_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 13 Aug. 1979, "Annual summary for the United States, 1978," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 27(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv27_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 13 Nov. 1980, "Annual summary for the United States, 1979," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 28(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv28_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 17 July 1997, "Births, marriages, divorces, and deaths for 1996," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 45(12), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/mv45_12.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 17 Sept. 1981, "Annual summary of births, deaths, marriages, and divorces: United States, 1980," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 29(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv29_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 19 Sept. 1986, "Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: United States, 1985," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 34(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv34_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 20 Dec. 1982, "Annual summary of births, deaths, marriages, and divorces: United States, 1981," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 30(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv30_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 20 March 1974, "Final natality statistics, 1970," Monthly Vital Statistics Report Supplement, 22(12), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv22_12sacc.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 21 Sept. 1984, "Annual summary of births, deaths, marriages, and divorces: United States, 1983," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 32(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv32_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 23 Oct. 1995, "Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: United States, 1994," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 43(13)*, on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/mv43_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 24 Aug. 1987, "Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: United States, 1986," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 35(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv35_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 26 July 1989, "Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: United States, 1988," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 37(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv37_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 26 Sept. 1985, "Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: United States, 1984," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 33(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv33_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 27 June 1974, "Annual summary for the United States, 1973," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 22(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv22_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 28 Aug. 1991, "Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: United States, 1990," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 39(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv39_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 28 July 1998, "Births, marriages, divorces, and deaths for 1997," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 46(12), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/mv46_12.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 28 Sept. 1993, "Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: United States, 1992," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 41(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv41_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 29 July 1988, "Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: United States, 1987," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 36(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv36_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 30 Aug. 1990, "Annual summary of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: United States, 1989," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 38(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv38_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 30 May 1976, "Annual summary for the United States, 1974," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 23(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv23_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 7 Dec. 1978, "Annual summary for the United States, 1977," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 26(13), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv26_13.pdf].
National Center for Health Statistics, 7 June 1974, "Final natality statistics, 1971," Monthly Vital Statistics Report Supplement, 23(3), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv23_03s3acc.pdf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2001, "1990-2000 North Carolina resident fetal deaths by race," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2000/fetaldthsrace.pdf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2001, "Reported induced abortions by perinatal care region and county, occurrence and resident data, North Carolina, 2000," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2000/reportedabortionscounty.pdf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2001, "Summary of characteristics of women receiving abortions, North Carolina resident data, 1990-2000," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2000/abortioncharacteristics.pdf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2005, "1994-2004 North Carolina resident fetal deaths by race," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2004/fetaldthsrace.pdf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2005, "Summary of characteristics of women receiving abortions, North Carolina resident data, 1994-2004," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2004/abortioncharacteristics.pdf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2006, "NC resident abortions: characteristics of women receiving abortions, North Carolina residents, 1996-2005," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2005/abortioncharacteristics.rtf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2006, "Reported induced abortions by perinatal care region and county, occurrence and resident data, North Carolina, 2005," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2005/reportedabortionscounty.rtf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2007, "NC resident abortions: characteristics of women receiving abortions, North Carolina residents, 1997-2006," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2006/abortioncharacteristics.pdf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2008, "1998-2007 North Carolina resident births by race," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2007/bthsrace.pdf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2008, "2007 North Carolina reported induced abortions by county of occurrence and residence," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2007/reportedabortionscounty.pdf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2009, "2008 North Carolina reported induced abortions by county of occurrence and residence," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2008/reportedabortionscounty.pdf].
North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, 2010, "2009 North Carolina reported induced abortions by county of occurrence and residence," North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, on line [http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/data/pregnancies/2009/reportedabortionscounty.pdf].
Pazol, Karen, Andreea A. Creanga, Suzanne B. Zane, Kim D. Burley, and Denise J. Jamieson, 23 Nov. 2012, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 2009," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 61(8), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6108.pdf].
Pazol, Karen, Sonya B. Gamble, Wilda Y. Parker, Douglas A. Cook, Suzanne B. Zane, and Saeed Hamdan, 27 Nov. 2009, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 2006," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 58(SS-8), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5808.pdf].
Pazol, Karen, Suzanne B. Zane, Wilda Y. Parker, Laura R. Hall, Cynthia Berg, and Douglas A. Cook, 25 Nov. 2011, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 2008," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 60(15), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss6015.pdf].
Pazol, Karen, Suzanne B. Zane, Wilda Y. Parker, Laura R. Hall, Sonya B. Gamble, Saeed Hamdan, Cynthia Berg, and Douglas A. Cook, 25 Feb. 2011, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 2007," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 60(1), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss6001.pdf].
Pazol, Karen, Andreea A. Creanga, Kim D. Burley, Brenda Hayes, and Denise J. Jamieson, 29 Nov. 2013, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 2010," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 62(8):1-44, on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6208.pdf].
Powell-Griner, Eve, 14 July 1986, "Induced terminations of pregnancy: reporting states, 1982 and 1983," Monthly Vital Statistics Report Supplement, 35(3), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv35_03s.pdf].
Powell-Griner, Eve, 8 Sept. 1987, "Induced terminations of pregnancy: reporting states, 1984," Monthly Vital Statistics Report Supplement, 36(5), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv36_05s2.pdf].
Prager, Kate, 30 July 1985, "Induced terminations of pregnancy: reporting states, 1981," Monthly Vital Statistics Report Supplement, 34(4), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv34_04s2.pdf].
Strauss, Lilo T., Joy Herndon, Jeani Chang, Wilda Y. Parker, Sonya V. Bowens, Cynthia J. Berg, 25 Nov. 2005, "Abortion Surveillance-United States, 2002," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 54(SS-7), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/SS/SS5407.pdf].
Strauss, Lilo T., Joy Herndon, Jeani Chang, Wilda Y. Parker, Sonya V. Bowens, Suzanne B. Zane, Cynthia J. Berg, 26 Nov. 2004, "Abortion Surveillance-United States, 2001," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 53(SS-9), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/SS/SS5309.pdf].
Strauss, Lilo T., Sonya B. Gamble, Wilda Y. Parker, Douglas A. Cook, Suzanne B. Zane, and Saeed Hamdan, 23 Nov. 2007, "Abortion Surveillance--United States, 2004," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 56(SS-9), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5609.pdf].
Strauss, Lilo T., Sonya B. Gamble, Wilda Y. Parker, Douglas A. Cook, Suzanne B. Zane, and Saeed Hamdan, 24 Nov. 2006, "Abortion Surveillance-United States, 2003," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 55(SS-11), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5511.pdf].
Sullivan, Ellen, Christopher Tietze, and Joy G. Dryfoos, May/June 1977, "Legal Abortion in the United States, 1975-1976," Family Planning Perspectives, 9:116-129.
Sutton, Paul D., and T. J. Mathews, 10 May 2004, "Trends in characteristics of births by state: United States, 1990, 1995, and 2000-2002," National Vital Statistics Reports, 52(19), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr52/nvsr52_19.pdf].
Tietze, Christopher, 1976, "Incidence of legal abortion," in Liberalization of Abortion Laws: Implications, ed. by Abdel R. Omran, Carolina Population Center (Chapel Hill, NC), pp. 1-17.
U.S. Census Bureau, 1974, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1974, U.S. GPO (Washington, DC), on line at U.S. Census Bureau [http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/statab.html].
Ventura, Stephanie J., Joyce A. Martin, Sally C. Curtin, and T. J. Mathews, 29 April 1999, "Births: final data for 1997," National Vital Statistics Reports, 47(18), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr47/nvs47_18.pdf].
Ventura, Stephanie J., Joyce A. Martin, Sally C. Curtin, Fay Menacker, and Brady E. Hamilton, 17 April 2001, "Births: Final Data for 1999," National Vital Statistics Reports, 49(1), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr49/nvsr49_01.pdf].
Ventura, Stephanie J., Joyce A. Martin, Sally C. Curtin, T. J. Mathews, and Melissa M. Park, 28 March 2000, "Births: final data for 1998," National Vital Statistics Reports, 48(3), on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr48/nvs48_03.pdf].
Hamilton, Brady E., Joyce A. Martin, Michelle J. K. Osterman, and Sally C. Curtin, 29 May 2014, "Births: Preliminary data for 2013," National Vital Statistics Reports, 63(2), on line at CDC [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr62/nvsr62_03.pdf].
Centers for Disease Control, 2013, "Provisional number of live births and deaths: Each state and Puerto Rico, December 2011 and 2012, and cumulative figures, 2010-2012," CDC, on line [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/provisional_tables/Provisional_Table02_2012Dec.pdf].
Pazol, Karen, Andreea A. Creanga, Kim D. Burley, and Denise J. Jamison, 28 Nov. 2014, "Abortion surveillance--United States, 2011," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 62(11):1-41, on line at CDC [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6311.pdf].
Hamilton, Brady E., Joyce A. Martin, Michelle J. K. Osterman, and Sally C. Curtin, 17 June 2015, �Births: Preliminary data for 2014,� NVSR, 64(6), on line at CDC [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_06.pdf].
Pazol, Karen, Andreea A. Creanga, and Denise J. Jamison, 27 Nov. 2015, "Abortion surveillance--United States, 2012," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(10):1-40, on line at CDC [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6410.pdf].
Hamilton, Brady E., Joyce A. Martin, Michelle J. K. Osterman, Sally C. Curtin, and T. J. Mathews, 23 Dec. 2016, "Births: Final data for 2014," NVSR, 64(12), on line at CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf].
Johnston, Wm. Robert, 2017, "United States: Compiled and estimated abortion figures, 2012-2015," AWR Working Paper 13.
Jones, Rachel K., and Jenna Jerman, March 2017, "Abortion incidence and service availability in the United States, 2014," Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 49(1).
Martin, Joyce A., Brady E. Hamilton, Michelle J. K. Osterman, Anne K. Driscoll, and T. J. Mathews, 5 Jan. 2017, "Births: Final data for 2015," NVSR, 66(1), on line at CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf].
Martin, Joyce A., Brady E. Hamilton, Michelle J. K. Osterman, Anne K. Driscoll, and Patrick Drake, 31 Jan. 2018, "Births: Final data for 2016," NVSR, 67(1), on line at CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf].
Jatlaoui, Tara C., Jill Shah, Michele G. Mandel, Jamie W. Krashin, Danielle B. Suchdev, Denise J. Jamieson, and Karen Pazol, 24 Nov. 2017, "Abortion surveillance--United States, 2014," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 66(24):1-44, on line at CDC [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/pdfs/ss6624-H.PDF].
U.S. Census Bureau, June 2017, "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Single Year of Age and Sex for the United States, States, and Puerto Rico Commonwealth: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016," United States Census Bureau, on line [https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=PEP_2016_PEPALL5N&prodType=table].
Jatlaoui, Tara C., Maegan E. Boutot, Michele G. Mandel, Maura K. Whiteman, Angeline Ti, Emily Petersen, and Karen Pazol, 23 Nov. 2018, "Abortion surveillance�United States, 2015," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(13):1-48, on line at Centers for Disease Control [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/ss/pdfs/ss6713a1-H.PDF].
CDC, Nov. 2019, "Abortions distributed by state of maternal residence and state of clinical service, 2009-2016," Centers for Disease Control, on line [https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/excel/Abortions-Distributed-by-State-2009-2016.xls].
CDC Wonder, Nov. 2019, "Fetal deaths, 2005-2017 request," on line, CDC [https://wonder.cdc.gov/fetal-deaths-current.html].
Jatlaoui, Tara C., Lindsay Eckhaus, Michele G. Mandel, Antoinette Nguyen, Titilope Oduyebo, Emily Petersen, and Maura K. Whiteman, 29 Nov. 2019, "Abortion surveillance�United States, 2016," MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 68(11):1-41, on line at Centers for Disease Control [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/ss/pdfs/ss6811a1-H.pdf].
Johnston, Wm. Robert, Dec. 2019, "United States: State-level abortion estimates, 1967-2018," AWR Working Paper 33, forthcoming.
Jones, Rachel K., Elizabeth Witwer, and Jenna Jerman, Sept. 2019, "Abortion incidence and service availability in the United States, 2017," Guttmacher Institute, on line [https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/abortion-incidence-service-availability-us-2017.pdf].
Martin, Joyce A., Brady E. Hamilton, Michelle J. K. Osterman, Anne K. Driscoll, and Patrick Drake, 7 Nov. 2018, "Births: Final data for 2017," NVSR, 67(8):1-49, on line at Centers for Disease Control [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf].
Martin, Joyce A., Brady E. Hamilton, Michelle J. K. Osterman, and Anne K. Driscoll, 27 Nov. 2019, "Births: Final data for 2018," NVSR, 68(13):1-46, on line at Centers for Disease Control [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf].
Hamilton, Brady E., Joyce A. Martin, and Michelle J. K. Osterman, May 2021, �Births: Provisional data for 2020,� NVSS Vital Statistics Rapid Release Report #012, CDC, on line [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/vsrr012-508.pdf].
Martin, Joyce A., Brady E. Hamilton, Michelle J. K. Osterman, and Anne K. Driscoll, 23 March 2021, �Births: Final data for 2019,� National Vital Statistics Reports, 70(2):1-51, CDC, on line [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf].
Kortsmit, Katherine, Tara C. Jatlaoui, Michele G. Mandel, Jennifer A. Reeves, Titilope Oduyebo, Emily Petersen, and Maura K. Whiteman, 27 Nov. 2020, �Abortion surveillance�United States, 2018,� Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(7):1-29, on line [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/ss/pdfs/ss6907a1-H.pdf].
Kortsmit, Katherine, Michele G. Mandel, Jennifer A. Reeves, Elizabeth Clark, H. Pamela Pagano, Antoinette Nguyen, Emily E. Petersen, and Maura K. Whiteman, 26 Nov. 2021, "Abortion surveillance�United States, 2019," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70(9):1-29, on line [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/ss/pdfs/ss7009a1-H.pdf].
CDC, 26 Nov. 2021, "Abortions distributed by state 2019," CDC, on line [https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/excel/Abortions-Distributed-By-State-2019.xls].
U.S. Census Burean, Population Division, June 2021, "SC-EST2020-AGESEX-CIV: Annual estimates of the civilian population by single year of age and sex for the United States, states, and the District of Columbia: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2020," Census Bureau, on line [https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/research/evaluation-estimates/2020-evaluation-estimates/2010s-state-detail.html].
Hamilton, Brady E., Joyce A. Martin, and Michelle J. K. Osterman, May 2022, "Births: Provisional data for 2021," NVSS Vital Statistics Rapid Release, 20, on line at Centers for Disease Control [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/vsrr020.pdf].
Jones, Rachel K., Jesse Philbin, Marielle Kirstein, Elizabeth Nash, and Kimberley Lufkin, 15 June 2022, "Long-term decline in US abortions reverses, showing rising need for abortion as Supreme Court is poised to overturn Roe v. Wade," Guttmacher Institute, on line [https://www.guttmacher.org/article/2022/06/long-term-decline-us-abortions-reverses-showing-rising-need-abortion-supreme-court].
Smith, Mikaela H., Zoe Muzyczka, Payal Chakraborty, Elaina Johns-Wolfe, Jenny Higgins, Danielle Bessett, and Alison H. Norris, 2022, "Abortion travel within the United States: An observational study of cross-state movement to obtain abortion care in 2017," Lancet Regional Health--Americas, 10:100214, doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100214
CDC, 25 Nov. 2022, "Abortions distributed by area of residence and area of clinical service 2011-2020," CDC, on line [https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/excel/Abortions-Distributed-by-Area-2011-2020.xlsx].
Kortsmit, Katherine, Antoinette T. Nguyen, Michele G. Mandel, Elizabeth Clark, Lisa M. Hollier, Jessica Rodenhizer, and Maura K. Whiteman, 25 Nov. 2022, "Abortion surveillance--United States, 2020," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(10):1-27, on line at CDC [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/ss/pdfs/ss7110a1-H.pdf].
Norris, Alison, Ushma Upadhyay, et al., 28 Oct. 2022, "#WeCount report released October 28, 2022," Society of Family Planning, on line [https://www.societyfp.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/SFPWeCountReport_AprtoAug2022_ReleaseOct2022-1.pdf], doi:10.46621/UKAI6324.
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